diff --git a/packages/core/src/database/find-entity-by-id.ts b/packages/core/src/database/find-entity-by-id.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..dec6074c5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/core/src/database/find-entity-by-id.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+import { SchemaLike, GeneratedSchema } from '@logto/schemas';
+import { sql, NotFoundError } from 'slonik';
+
+import { convertToIdentifiers } from '@/database/utils';
+import envSet from '@/env-set';
+import RequestError from '@/errors/RequestError';
+import assertThat from '@/utils/assert-that';
+import { isKeyOf } from '@/utils/schema';
+
+export const buildFindEntityById = <Schema extends SchemaLike, ReturnType extends SchemaLike>(
+  schema: GeneratedSchema<Schema & { id: string }>
+) => {
+  const { table, fields } = convertToIdentifiers(schema);
+  const isKeyOfSchema = isKeyOf(schema);
+
+  // Make sure id is key of the schema
+  assertThat(isKeyOfSchema('id'), 'entity.not_exists');
+
+  return async (id: string) => {
+    try {
+      return await envSet.pool.one<ReturnType>(sql`
+        select ${sql.join(Object.values(fields), sql`, `)}
+        from ${table}
+        where ${fields.id}=${id}
+      `);
+    } catch (error: unknown) {
+      if (error instanceof NotFoundError) {
+        throw new RequestError({
+          code: 'entity.not_exists_with_id',
+          name: schema.table,
+          id,
+          status: 404,
+        });
+      }
+      throw error;
+    }
+  };
+};
diff --git a/packages/core/src/queries/application.ts b/packages/core/src/queries/application.ts
index c141717e5..497ccbe18 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/queries/application.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/queries/application.ts
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import { Application, CreateApplication, Applications } from '@logto/schemas';
 import { sql } from 'slonik';
 
+import { buildFindEntityById } from '@/database/find-entity-by-id';
 import { buildInsertInto } from '@/database/insert-into';
 import { getTotalRowCount } from '@/database/row-count';
 import { buildUpdateWhere } from '@/database/update-where';
@@ -28,12 +29,9 @@ export const findAllApplications = async (limit: number, offset: number) =>
     `)
   );
 
-export const findApplicationById = async (id: string) =>
-  envSet.pool.one<Application>(sql`
-    select ${sql.join(Object.values(fields), sql`, `)}
-    from ${table}
-    where ${fields.id}=${id}
-  `);
+export const findApplicationById = buildFindEntityById<CreateApplication, Application>(
+  Applications
+);
 
 export const insertApplication = buildInsertInto<CreateApplication, Application>(Applications, {
   returning: true,
diff --git a/packages/core/src/queries/log.ts b/packages/core/src/queries/log.ts
index e6eacb700..d96c62c5b 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/queries/log.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/queries/log.ts
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import { CreateLog, Log, Logs, LogType } from '@logto/schemas';
 import { sql } from 'slonik';
 
+import { buildFindEntityById } from '@/database/find-entity-by-id';
 import { buildInsertInto } from '@/database/insert-into';
 import { conditionalSql, convertToIdentifiers } from '@/database/utils';
 import envSet from '@/env-set';
@@ -46,12 +47,7 @@ export const findLogs = async (limit: number, offset: number, logCondition: LogC
     offset ${offset}
   `);
 
-export const findLogById = async (id: string) =>
-  envSet.pool.one<Log>(sql`
-    select ${sql.join(Object.values(fields), sql`, `)}
-    from ${table}
-    where ${fields.id}=${id}
-  `);
+export const findLogById = buildFindEntityById<CreateLog, Log>(Logs);
 
 const registerLogTypes: LogType[] = [
   'RegisterUsernamePassword',
diff --git a/packages/core/src/queries/resource.ts b/packages/core/src/queries/resource.ts
index 4eb0195d8..2ea998a0c 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/queries/resource.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/queries/resource.ts
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import { Resource, CreateResource, Resources } from '@logto/schemas';
 import { sql } from 'slonik';
 
+import { buildFindEntityById } from '@/database/find-entity-by-id';
 import { buildInsertInto } from '@/database/insert-into';
 import { getTotalRowCount } from '@/database/row-count';
 import { buildUpdateWhere } from '@/database/update-where';
@@ -34,12 +35,7 @@ export const findResourceByIndicator = async (indicator: string) =>
     where ${fields.indicator}=${indicator}
   `);
 
-export const findResourceById = async (id: string) =>
-  envSet.pool.one<Resource>(sql`
-    select ${sql.join(Object.values(fields), sql`, `)}
-    from ${table}
-    where ${fields.id}=${id}
-  `);
+export const findResourceById = buildFindEntityById<CreateResource, Resource>(Resources);
 
 export const insertResource = buildInsertInto<CreateResource, Resource>(Resources, {
   returning: true,
diff --git a/packages/core/src/queries/setting.ts b/packages/core/src/queries/setting.ts
index fc17bcd39..c7b7474b7 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/queries/setting.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/queries/setting.ts
@@ -1,20 +1,13 @@
 import { Setting, CreateSetting, Settings } from '@logto/schemas';
-import { sql } from 'slonik';
 
+import { buildFindEntityById } from '@/database/find-entity-by-id';
 import { buildUpdateWhere } from '@/database/update-where';
-import { convertToIdentifiers, OmitAutoSetFields } from '@/database/utils';
-import envSet from '@/env-set';
+import { OmitAutoSetFields } from '@/database/utils';
 
 export const defaultSettingId = 'default';
 
-const { table, fields } = convertToIdentifiers(Settings);
-
 export const getSetting = async () =>
-  envSet.pool.one<Setting>(sql`
-    select ${sql.join(Object.values(fields), sql`, `)}
-    from ${table}
-    where ${fields.id}=${defaultSettingId}
-  `);
+  buildFindEntityById<CreateSetting, Setting>(Settings)(defaultSettingId);
 
 export const updateSetting = async (setting: Partial<OmitAutoSetFields<CreateSetting>>) => {
   return buildUpdateWhere<CreateSetting, Setting>(
diff --git a/packages/core/src/queries/sign-in-experience.test.ts b/packages/core/src/queries/sign-in-experience.test.ts
index 2be2a7ab9..5573c704c 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/queries/sign-in-experience.test.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/queries/sign-in-experience.test.ts
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ describe('sign-in-experience query', () => {
     const expectSql = `
       select "id", "color", "branding", "language_info", "terms_of_use", "sign_in_methods", "social_sign_in_connector_targets", "sign_in_mode"
       from "sign_in_experiences"
-      where "id" = $1
+      where "id"=$1
     `;
     /* eslint-enable sql/no-unsafe-query */
 
diff --git a/packages/core/src/queries/sign-in-experience.ts b/packages/core/src/queries/sign-in-experience.ts
index 792c1733c..6650fd7dd 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/queries/sign-in-experience.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/queries/sign-in-experience.ts
@@ -1,11 +1,7 @@
 import { SignInExperience, CreateSignInExperience, SignInExperiences } from '@logto/schemas';
-import { sql } from 'slonik';
 
+import { buildFindEntityById } from '@/database/find-entity-by-id';
 import { buildUpdateWhere } from '@/database/update-where';
-import { convertToIdentifiers } from '@/database/utils';
-import envSet from '@/env-set';
-
-const { table, fields } = convertToIdentifiers(SignInExperiences);
 
 const updateSignInExperience = buildUpdateWhere<CreateSignInExperience, SignInExperience>(
   SignInExperiences,
@@ -18,8 +14,4 @@ export const updateDefaultSignInExperience = async (set: Partial<CreateSignInExp
   updateSignInExperience({ set, where: { id }, jsonbMode: 'replace' });
 
 export const findDefaultSignInExperience = async () =>
-  envSet.pool.one<SignInExperience>(sql`
-    select ${sql.join(Object.values(fields), sql`, `)}
-    from ${table}
-    where ${fields.id} = ${id}
-  `);
+  buildFindEntityById<CreateSignInExperience, SignInExperience>(SignInExperiences)(id);