diff --git a/packages/core/src/app/init.test.ts b/packages/core/src/app/init.test.ts
index d24a11122..d8400f475 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/app/init.test.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/app/init.test.ts
@@ -1,27 +1,7 @@
-import { createMockUtils, pickDefault } from '@logto/shared/esm';
+import { pickDefault } from '@logto/shared/esm';
 import Koa from 'koa';
 
-import { emptyMiddleware } from '#src/utils/test-utils.js';
-
 const { jest } = import.meta;
-const { mockEsm } = createMockUtils(jest);
-
-const middlewareList = [
-  'error-handler',
-  'i18next',
-  'audit-log',
-  'oidc-error-handler',
-  'slonik-error-handler',
-  'spa-proxy',
-].map((name) => {
-  const mock = jest.fn(() => emptyMiddleware);
-  mockEsm(`#src/middleware/koa-${name}.js`, () => ({
-    default: mock,
-    ...(name === 'audit-log' && { LogEntry: jest.fn() }),
-  }));
-
-  return mock;
-});
 
 const initI18n = await pickDefault(import('../i18n/init.js'));
 const initApp = await pickDefault(import('./init.js'));
@@ -34,10 +14,6 @@ describe('App Init', () => {
     await initI18n();
     await initApp(app);
 
-    for (const middleware of middlewareList) {
-      expect(middleware).toBeCalled();
-    }
-
     expect(listenMock).toBeCalled();
   });
 });
diff --git a/packages/core/src/tenants/Tenant.test.ts b/packages/core/src/tenants/Tenant.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b6771649c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/core/src/tenants/Tenant.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+import { createMockUtils, pickDefault } from '@logto/shared/esm';
+
+import { createMockProvider } from '#src/test-utils/oidc-provider.js';
+import { emptyMiddleware } from '#src/utils/test-utils.js';
+
+const { jest } = import.meta;
+const { mockEsm, mockEsmDefault } = createMockUtils(jest);
+
+const middlewareList = [
+  'error-handler',
+  'i18next',
+  'audit-log',
+  'oidc-error-handler',
+  'slonik-error-handler',
+  'spa-proxy',
+].map((name) => {
+  const mock = jest.fn(() => emptyMiddleware);
+  mockEsm(`#src/middleware/koa-${name}.js`, () => ({
+    default: mock,
+    ...(name === 'audit-log' && { LogEntry: jest.fn() }),
+  }));
+
+  return mock;
+});
+
+// eslint-disable-next-line unicorn/consistent-function-scoping
+mockEsmDefault('#src/oidc/init.js', () => () => createMockProvider);
+
+const Tenant = await pickDefault(import('./Tenant.js'));
+
+describe('Tenant', () => {
+  it('should call middleware factories', () => {
+    const _ = new Tenant('foo');
+
+    for (const middleware of middlewareList) {
+      expect(middleware).toBeCalled();
+    }
+  });
+});