diff --git a/packages/core/src/database/find-many.ts b/packages/core/src/database/find-many.ts
index 55f2e82dd..c2a1625d6 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/database/find-many.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/database/find-many.ts
@@ -4,14 +4,9 @@ import { DatabasePoolType, sql } from 'slonik';
 
 import { isKeyOf } from '@/utils/schema';
 
+import { FindManyData } from './types';
 import { conditionalSql, convertToIdentifiers, convertToPrimitiveOrSql } from './utils';
 
-export type FindManyData<Schema extends SchemaLike> = {
-  where?: Partial<Schema>;
-  limit?: number;
-  offset?: number;
-};
-
 export const buildFindMany = <Schema extends SchemaLike, ReturnType extends SchemaLike>(
   pool: DatabasePoolType,
   schema: GeneratedSchema<Schema>
diff --git a/packages/core/src/database/insert-into.test.ts b/packages/core/src/database/insert-into.test.ts
index d54d5a213..ec16b7d99 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/database/insert-into.test.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/database/insert-into.test.ts
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import { CreateUser, Users } from '@logto/schemas';
 import decamelize from 'decamelize';
 
-import RequestError from '@/errors/RequestError';
+import { InsertionError } from '@/errors/SlonikError';
 import { createTestPool } from '@/utils/test-utils';
 
 import { buildInsertInto } from './insert-into';
@@ -59,19 +59,15 @@ describe('buildInsertInto()', () => {
     ).resolves.toStrictEqual(user);
   });
 
-  it('throws `entity.create_failed` error with `undefined` when `returning` is true', async () => {
+  it('throws `InsertionError` error when `returning` is true', async () => {
     const user: CreateUser = { id: 'foo', username: '123', primaryEmail: 'foo@bar.com' };
     const expectInsertIntoSql = buildExpectedInsertIntoSql(Object.keys(user));
     const pool = createTestPool([...expectInsertIntoSql, 'returning *'].join('\n'));
     const insertInto = buildInsertInto(pool, Users, { returning: true });
+    const dataToInsert = { id: 'foo', username: '123', primaryEmail: 'foo@bar.com' };
 
-    await expect(
-      insertInto({ id: 'foo', username: '123', primaryEmail: 'foo@bar.com' })
-    ).rejects.toMatchError(
-      new RequestError({
-        code: 'entity.create_failed',
-        name: Users.tableSingular,
-      })
+    await expect(insertInto(dataToInsert)).rejects.toMatchError(
+      new InsertionError(Users, dataToInsert)
     );
   });
 });
diff --git a/packages/core/src/database/insert-into.ts b/packages/core/src/database/insert-into.ts
index c512c90c9..873acb566 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/database/insert-into.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/database/insert-into.ts
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import { SchemaLike, GeneratedSchema } from '@logto/schemas';
 import { has } from '@silverhand/essentials';
 import { DatabasePoolType, IdentifierSqlTokenType, sql } from 'slonik';
 
+import { InsertionError } from '@/errors/SlonikError';
 import assertThat from '@/utils/assert-that';
 
 import {
@@ -51,9 +52,10 @@ export const buildInsertInto: BuildInsertInto = <
   ReturnType extends SchemaLike
 >(
   pool: DatabasePoolType,
-  { fieldKeys, ...rest }: GeneratedSchema<Schema>,
+  schema: GeneratedSchema<Schema>,
   config?: InsertIntoConfig | InsertIntoConfigReturning
 ) => {
+  const { fieldKeys, ...rest } = schema;
   const { table, fields } = convertToIdentifiers(rest);
   const keys = excludeAutoSetFields(fieldKeys);
   const returning = Boolean(config?.returning);
@@ -82,7 +84,7 @@ export const buildInsertInto: BuildInsertInto = <
       )}
     `);
 
-    assertThat(!returning || entry, 'entity.create_failed', { name: rest.tableSingular });
+    assertThat(!returning || entry, new InsertionError(schema, data));
 
     return entry;
   };
diff --git a/packages/core/src/database/types.ts b/packages/core/src/database/types.ts
index f47a8f0ca..bb3383a8b 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/database/types.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/database/types.ts
@@ -1,6 +1,18 @@
+import { SchemaLike } from '@logto/schemas';
 import { IdentifierSqlTokenType } from 'slonik';
 
 export type Table = { table: string; fields: Record<string, string> };
 export type FieldIdentifiers<Key extends string | number | symbol> = {
   [key in Key]: IdentifierSqlTokenType;
 };
+
+export type FindManyData<Schema extends SchemaLike> = {
+  where?: Partial<Schema>;
+  limit?: number;
+  offset?: number;
+};
+
+export type UpdateWhereData<Schema extends SchemaLike> = {
+  set: Partial<Schema>;
+  where: Partial<Schema>;
+};
diff --git a/packages/core/src/database/update-where.test.ts b/packages/core/src/database/update-where.test.ts
index 810a3acdd..d16e04e72 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/database/update-where.test.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/database/update-where.test.ts
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import { CreateUser, Users, Applications } from '@logto/schemas';
 
-import RequestError from '@/errors/RequestError';
+import { UpdateError } from '@/errors/SlonikError';
 import { createTestPool } from '@/utils/test-utils';
 
 import { buildUpdateWhere } from './update-where';
@@ -70,34 +70,20 @@ describe('buildUpdateWhere()', () => {
   it('throws `entity.not_exists_with_id` error with `undefined` when `returning` is true', async () => {
     const pool = createTestPool('update "users"\nset "username"=$1\nwhere "id"=$2\nreturning *');
     const updateWhere = buildUpdateWhere(pool, Users, true);
+    const updateWhereData = { set: { username: '123' }, where: { id: 'foo' } };
 
-    await expect(
-      updateWhere({ set: { username: '123' }, where: { id: 'foo' } })
-    ).rejects.toMatchError(
-      new RequestError({
-        code: 'entity.not_exists_with_id',
-        name: Users.tableSingular,
-        id: 'foo',
-        status: 404,
-      })
+    await expect(updateWhere(updateWhereData)).rejects.toMatchError(
+      new UpdateError(Users, updateWhereData)
     );
   });
 
-  it('throws `entity.not_exists` error with `undefined` when `returning` is true and no id in where clause', async () => {
+  it('throws `UpdateError` error when `returning` is true and no id in where clause', async () => {
     const pool = createTestPool(
       'update "users"\nset "username"=$1\nwhere "username"=$2\nreturning *'
     );
     const updateWhere = buildUpdateWhere(pool, Users, true);
+    const updateData = { set: { username: '123' }, where: { username: 'foo' } };
 
-    await expect(
-      updateWhere({ set: { username: '123' }, where: { username: 'foo' } })
-    ).rejects.toMatchError(
-      new RequestError({
-        code: 'entity.not_exists',
-        name: Users.tableSingular,
-        id: undefined,
-        status: 404,
-      })
-    );
+    await expect(updateWhere(updateData)).rejects.toMatchError(new UpdateError(Users, updateData));
   });
 });
diff --git a/packages/core/src/database/update-where.ts b/packages/core/src/database/update-where.ts
index 13f6a5866..3fa90da52 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/database/update-where.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/database/update-where.ts
@@ -2,17 +2,13 @@ import { SchemaLike, GeneratedSchema } from '@logto/schemas';
 import { notFalsy, Truthy } from '@silverhand/essentials';
 import { DatabasePoolType, sql } from 'slonik';
 
-import RequestError from '@/errors/RequestError';
+import { UpdateError } from '@/errors/SlonikError';
 import assertThat from '@/utils/assert-that';
 import { isKeyOf } from '@/utils/schema';
 
+import { UpdateWhereData } from './types';
 import { conditionalSql, convertToIdentifiers, convertToPrimitiveOrSql } from './utils';
 
-export type UpdateWhereData<Schema extends SchemaLike> = {
-  set: Partial<Schema>;
-  where: Partial<Schema>;
-};
-
 interface BuildUpdateWhere {
   <Schema extends SchemaLike, ReturnType extends SchemaLike>(
     pool: DatabasePoolType,
@@ -69,15 +65,7 @@ export const buildUpdateWhere: BuildUpdateWhere = <
       ${conditionalSql(returning, () => sql`returning *`)}
     `);
 
-    assertThat(
-      !returning || data,
-      new RequestError({
-        code: where.id ? 'entity.not_exists_with_id' : 'entity.not_exists',
-        name: schema.tableSingular,
-        id: where.id,
-        status: 404,
-      })
-    );
+    assertThat(!returning || data, new UpdateError(schema, { set, where }));
 
     return data;
   };
diff --git a/packages/core/src/errors/SlonikError/index.ts b/packages/core/src/errors/SlonikError/index.ts
index 20585f937..fea843546 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/errors/SlonikError/index.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/errors/SlonikError/index.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,9 @@
+import { SchemaLike, GeneratedSchema } from '@logto/schemas';
 import { SlonikError } from 'slonik';
 
+import { UpdateWhereData } from '@/database/types';
+import { OmitAutoSetFields } from '@/database/utils';
+
 export class DeletionError extends SlonikError {
   table?: string;
   id?: string;
@@ -11,3 +15,27 @@ export class DeletionError extends SlonikError {
     this.id = id;
   }
 }
+
+export class UpdateError<Schema extends SchemaLike> extends SlonikError {
+  schema: GeneratedSchema<Schema>;
+  detail: UpdateWhereData<Schema>;
+
+  public constructor(schema: GeneratedSchema<Schema>, detail: UpdateWhereData<Schema>) {
+    super('Resource not found.');
+
+    this.schema = schema;
+    this.detail = detail;
+  }
+}
+
+export class InsertionError<Schema extends SchemaLike> extends SlonikError {
+  schema: GeneratedSchema<Schema>;
+  detail?: OmitAutoSetFields<Schema>;
+
+  public constructor(schema: GeneratedSchema<Schema>, detail?: OmitAutoSetFields<Schema>) {
+    super('Create Error.');
+
+    this.schema = schema;
+    this.detail = detail;
+  }
+}
diff --git a/packages/core/src/middleware/koa-slonik-error-handler.test.ts b/packages/core/src/middleware/koa-slonik-error-handler.test.ts
index ba9e34c05..8892324c7 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/middleware/koa-slonik-error-handler.test.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/middleware/koa-slonik-error-handler.test.ts
@@ -1,7 +1,8 @@
+import { Users } from '@logto/schemas';
 import { NotFoundError, SlonikError } from 'slonik';
 
 import RequestError from '@/errors/RequestError';
-import { DeletionError } from '@/errors/SlonikError';
+import { DeletionError, InsertionError, UpdateError } from '@/errors/SlonikError';
 import { createContextWithRouteParameters } from '@/utils/test-utils';
 
 import koaSlonikErrorHandler from './koa-slonik-error-handler';
@@ -34,6 +35,34 @@ describe('koaSlonikErrorHandler middleware', () => {
     await expect(koaSlonikErrorHandler()(ctx, next)).rejects.toMatchError(error);
   });
 
+  it('Insertion Error', async () => {
+    const error = new InsertionError(Users, { id: '123' });
+    next.mockImplementationOnce(() => {
+      throw error;
+    });
+
+    await expect(koaSlonikErrorHandler()(ctx, next)).rejects.toMatchError(
+      new RequestError({
+        code: 'entity.create_failed',
+        name: Users.tableSingular,
+      })
+    );
+  });
+
+  it('Update Error', async () => {
+    const error = new UpdateError(Users, { set: { name: 'punk' }, where: { id: '123' } });
+    next.mockImplementationOnce(() => {
+      throw error;
+    });
+
+    await expect(koaSlonikErrorHandler()(ctx, next)).rejects.toMatchError(
+      new RequestError({
+        code: 'entity.not_exists',
+        name: Users.tableSingular,
+      })
+    );
+  });
+
   it('Deletion Error', async () => {
     const error = new DeletionError();
     next.mockImplementationOnce(() => {
diff --git a/packages/core/src/middleware/koa-slonik-error-handler.ts b/packages/core/src/middleware/koa-slonik-error-handler.ts
index 36a7386ef..7b069e202 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/middleware/koa-slonik-error-handler.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/middleware/koa-slonik-error-handler.ts
@@ -20,11 +20,12 @@
  * (reference)[https://github.com/gajus/slonik#error-handling]
  */
 
+import { SchemaLike } from '@logto/schemas';
 import { Middleware } from 'koa';
 import { SlonikError, NotFoundError } from 'slonik';
 
 import RequestError from '@/errors/RequestError';
-import { DeletionError } from '@/errors/SlonikError';
+import { DeletionError, InsertionError, UpdateError } from '@/errors/SlonikError';
 
 export default function koaSlonikErrorHandler<StateT, ContextT>(): Middleware<StateT, ContextT> {
   return async (ctx, next) => {
@@ -36,6 +37,17 @@ export default function koaSlonikErrorHandler<StateT, ContextT>(): Middleware<St
       }
 
       switch (error.constructor) {
+        case InsertionError:
+          throw new RequestError({
+            code: 'entity.create_failed',
+            name: (error as InsertionError<SchemaLike>).schema.tableSingular,
+          });
+        case UpdateError:
+          throw new RequestError({
+            code: 'entity.not_exists',
+            name: (error as InsertionError<SchemaLike>).schema.tableSingular,
+          });
+        // TODO: LOG-1665 Refactor Deletion Handle
         case DeletionError:
         case NotFoundError:
           throw new RequestError({
diff --git a/packages/core/src/queries/user.ts b/packages/core/src/queries/user.ts
index 449d50e2d..0923827d5 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/queries/user.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/queries/user.ts
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ import { buildInsertInto } from '@/database/insert-into';
 import pool from '@/database/pool';
 import { buildUpdateWhere } from '@/database/update-where';
 import { conditionalSql, convertToIdentifiers, OmitAutoSetFields } from '@/database/utils';
-import { DeletionError } from '@/errors/SlonikError';
+import { DeletionError, UpdateError } from '@/errors/SlonikError';
 
 const { table, fields } = convertToIdentifiers(Users);
 
@@ -134,6 +134,6 @@ export const clearUserCustomDataById = async (id: string) => {
   `);
 
   if (rowCount < 1) {
-    throw new DeletionError(Users.table, id);
+    throw new UpdateError(Users, { set: { customData: {} }, where: { id } });
   }
 };