diff --git a/packages/core/src/routes/interaction/utils/sign-in-experience-validation.ts b/packages/core/src/routes/interaction/utils/sign-in-experience-validation.ts
index 3b60abadb..f8c113f4c 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/routes/interaction/utils/sign-in-experience-validation.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/routes/interaction/utils/sign-in-experience-validation.ts
@@ -4,23 +4,24 @@ import { SignInMode, SignInIdentifier, InteractionEvent } from '@logto/schemas';
 import RequestError from '#src/errors/RequestError/index.js';
 import assertThat from '#src/utils/assert-that.js';
 
-const forbiddenEventError = new RequestError({ code: 'auth.forbidden', status: 403 });
+const forbiddenEventError = () => new RequestError({ code: 'auth.forbidden', status: 403 });
 
-const forbiddenIdentifierError = new RequestError({
-  code: 'user.sign_in_method_not_enabled',
-  status: 422,
-});
+const forbiddenIdentifierError = () =>
+  new RequestError({
+    code: 'user.sign_in_method_not_enabled',
+    status: 422,
+  });
 
 export const verifySignInModeSettings = (
   event: InteractionEvent,
   { signInMode }: SignInExperience
 ) => {
   if (event === InteractionEvent.SignIn) {
-    assertThat(signInMode !== SignInMode.Register, forbiddenEventError);
+    assertThat(signInMode !== SignInMode.Register, forbiddenEventError());
   }
 
   if (event === InteractionEvent.Register) {
-    assertThat(signInMode !== SignInMode.SignIn, forbiddenEventError);
+    assertThat(signInMode !== SignInMode.SignIn, forbiddenEventError());
   }
 };
 
@@ -36,7 +37,7 @@ export const verifyIdentifierSettings = (
       signIn.methods.some(
         ({ identifier: method, password }) => method === SignInIdentifier.Username && password
       ),
-      forbiddenIdentifierError
+      forbiddenIdentifierError()
     );
 
     return;
@@ -67,7 +68,7 @@ export const verifyIdentifierSettings = (
 
         return true;
       }),
-      forbiddenIdentifierError
+      forbiddenIdentifierError()
     );
 
     return;
@@ -98,7 +99,7 @@ export const verifyIdentifierSettings = (
 
         return true;
       }),
-      forbiddenIdentifierError
+      forbiddenIdentifierError()
     );
   }
 
@@ -107,18 +108,18 @@ export const verifyIdentifierSettings = (
 
 export const verifyProfileSettings = (profile: Profile, { signUp }: SignInExperience) => {
   if (profile.phone) {
-    assertThat(signUp.identifiers.includes(SignInIdentifier.Phone), forbiddenIdentifierError);
+    assertThat(signUp.identifiers.includes(SignInIdentifier.Phone), forbiddenIdentifierError());
   }
 
   if (profile.email) {
-    assertThat(signUp.identifiers.includes(SignInIdentifier.Email), forbiddenIdentifierError);
+    assertThat(signUp.identifiers.includes(SignInIdentifier.Email), forbiddenIdentifierError());
   }
 
   if (profile.username) {
-    assertThat(signUp.identifiers.includes(SignInIdentifier.Username), forbiddenIdentifierError);
+    assertThat(signUp.identifiers.includes(SignInIdentifier.Username), forbiddenIdentifierError());
   }
 
   if (profile.password) {
-    assertThat(signUp.password, forbiddenIdentifierError);
+    assertThat(signUp.password, forbiddenIdentifierError());
   }
 };