diff --git a/.changeset/hot-oranges-join.md b/.changeset/hot-oranges-join.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e5ddcb888
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.changeset/hot-oranges-join.md
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+---
+"@logto/experience-legacy": minor
+"@logto/integration-tests": minor
+"@logto/experience": minor
+"@logto/console": minor
+"@logto/phrases": minor
+"@logto/schemas": minor
+"@logto/core": minor
+---
+
+new MFA prompt policy
+
+You can now cutomize the MFA prompt policy in the Console:
+1. MfaPolicy.Mandatory: MFA is required for all users
+2. MfaPolicy.NoPrompt: Do not ask users to set up MFA - new
+3. MfaPolicy.PromptAtSignInAndSignUp: Ask users to set up MFA during registration (skippable, one-time prompt) - new
+4. MfaPolicy.PromptOnlyAtSignIn: Ask users to set up MFA on their sign-in after registration (skippable, one-time prompt) - the old policy
+
+`MfaPolicy.UserControlled` is deprecated, use `MfaPolicy.PromptAtSignInAndSignUp` instead.
diff --git a/packages/console/src/pages/Mfa/MfaForm/constants.ts b/packages/console/src/pages/Mfa/MfaForm/constants.ts
deleted file mode 100644
index 4e291acbd..000000000
--- a/packages/console/src/pages/Mfa/MfaForm/constants.ts
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,7 +0,0 @@
-import { type AdminConsoleKey } from '@logto/phrases';
-import { MfaPolicy } from '@logto/schemas';
-
-export const policyOptionTitleMap: Record<MfaPolicy, AdminConsoleKey> = {
-  [MfaPolicy.UserControlled]: 'mfa.user_controlled',
-  [MfaPolicy.Mandatory]: 'mfa.mandatory',
-};
diff --git a/packages/console/src/pages/Mfa/MfaForm/index.tsx b/packages/console/src/pages/Mfa/MfaForm/index.tsx
index 9af5bb839..9b637f58f 100644
--- a/packages/console/src/pages/Mfa/MfaForm/index.tsx
+++ b/packages/console/src/pages/Mfa/MfaForm/index.tsx
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ import { SubscriptionDataContext } from '@/contexts/SubscriptionDataProvider';
 import DynamicT from '@/ds-components/DynamicT';
 import FormField from '@/ds-components/FormField';
 import InlineNotification from '@/ds-components/InlineNotification';
-import RadioGroup, { Radio } from '@/ds-components/RadioGroup';
+import Select from '@/ds-components/Select';
 import Switch from '@/ds-components/Switch';
 import useApi from '@/hooks/use-api';
 import useDocumentationUrl from '@/hooks/use-documentation-url';
@@ -24,7 +24,6 @@ import { type MfaConfigForm, type MfaConfig } from '../types';
 
 import FactorLabel from './FactorLabel';
 import UpsellNotice from './UpsellNotice';
-import { policyOptionTitleMap } from './constants';
 import styles from './index.module.scss';
 import { convertMfaFormToConfig, convertMfaConfigToForm, validateBackupCodeFactor } from './utils';
 
@@ -69,6 +68,21 @@ function MfaForm({ data, onMfaUpdated }: Props) {
     return factors.length === 0;
   }, [formValues, isMfaDisabled]);
 
+  const mfaPolicyOptions = [
+    {
+      value: MfaPolicy.NoPrompt,
+      title: t('mfa.no_prompt'),
+    },
+    {
+      value: MfaPolicy.PromptAtSignInAndSignUp,
+      title: t('mfa.prompt_at_sign_in_and_sign_up'),
+    },
+    {
+      value: MfaPolicy.PromptOnlyAtSignIn,
+      title: t('mfa.prompt_only_at_sign_in'),
+    },
+  ];
+
   const onSubmit = handleSubmit(
     trySubmitSafe(async (formData) => {
       const mfaConfig = convertMfaFormToConfig(formData);
@@ -143,28 +157,37 @@ function MfaForm({ data, onMfaUpdated }: Props) {
             />
           )}
         </FormCard>
-        <FormCard title="mfa.policy">
-          <FormField title="mfa.two_step_sign_in_policy" headlineSpacing="large">
-            <Controller
-              control={control}
-              name="policy"
-              render={({ field: { onChange, value, name } }) => (
-                <RadioGroup name={name} value={value} onChange={onChange}>
-                  {Object.values(MfaPolicy).map((policy) => {
-                    const title = policyOptionTitleMap[policy];
-                    return (
-                      <Radio
-                        key={policy}
-                        isDisabled={isPolicySettingsDisabled}
-                        title={title}
-                        value={policy}
-                      />
-                    );
-                  })}
-                </RadioGroup>
-              )}
+        <FormCard
+          title="mfa.policy"
+          description="mfa.policy_description"
+          learnMoreLink={{
+            href: getDocumentationUrl('/docs/recipes/multi-factor-auth/configure-mfa'),
+            targetBlank: 'noopener',
+          }}
+        >
+          <FormField title="mfa.require_mfa" headlineSpacing="large">
+            <Switch
+              disabled={isPolicySettingsDisabled}
+              label={t('mfa.require_mfa_label')}
+              {...register('isMandatory')}
             />
           </FormField>
+          {!formValues.isMandatory && (
+            <FormField title="mfa.set_up_prompt" headlineSpacing="large">
+              <Controller
+                control={control}
+                name="setUpPrompt"
+                render={({ field: { onChange, value } }) => (
+                  <Select
+                    value={value}
+                    options={mfaPolicyOptions}
+                    isReadOnly={isPolicySettingsDisabled}
+                    onChange={onChange}
+                  />
+                )}
+              />
+            </FormField>
+          )}
         </FormCard>
       </DetailsForm>
       <UnsavedChangesAlertModal hasUnsavedChanges={isDirty} />
diff --git a/packages/console/src/pages/Mfa/MfaForm/utils.ts b/packages/console/src/pages/Mfa/MfaForm/utils.ts
index a78a97ac0..3bf85efc9 100644
--- a/packages/console/src/pages/Mfa/MfaForm/utils.ts
+++ b/packages/console/src/pages/Mfa/MfaForm/utils.ts
@@ -1,17 +1,24 @@
-import { MfaFactor } from '@logto/schemas';
+import { MfaFactor, MfaPolicy } from '@logto/schemas';
 import { conditional } from '@silverhand/essentials';
 
-import { type MfaConfig, type MfaConfigForm } from '../types';
+import { type SignInPrompt, type MfaConfig, type MfaConfigForm } from '../types';
+
+const isSignInPrompt = (policy: MfaPolicy): policy is SignInPrompt =>
+  [MfaPolicy.NoPrompt, MfaPolicy.PromptAtSignInAndSignUp, MfaPolicy.PromptOnlyAtSignIn].includes(
+    policy
+  );
 
 export const convertMfaConfigToForm = ({ policy, factors }: MfaConfig): MfaConfigForm => ({
-  policy,
+  isMandatory: policy === MfaPolicy.Mandatory,
+  setUpPrompt: isSignInPrompt(policy) ? policy : MfaPolicy.PromptAtSignInAndSignUp,
   totpEnabled: factors.includes(MfaFactor.TOTP),
   webAuthnEnabled: factors.includes(MfaFactor.WebAuthn),
   backupCodeEnabled: factors.includes(MfaFactor.BackupCode),
 });
 
 export const convertMfaFormToConfig = (mfaConfigForm: MfaConfigForm): MfaConfig => {
-  const { policy, totpEnabled, webAuthnEnabled, backupCodeEnabled } = mfaConfigForm;
+  const { isMandatory, setUpPrompt, totpEnabled, webAuthnEnabled, backupCodeEnabled } =
+    mfaConfigForm;
 
   const factors = [
     conditional(totpEnabled && MfaFactor.TOTP),
@@ -21,7 +28,7 @@ export const convertMfaFormToConfig = (mfaConfigForm: MfaConfigForm): MfaConfig
   ].filter((factor): factor is MfaFactor => Boolean(factor));
 
   return {
-    policy,
+    policy: isMandatory ? MfaPolicy.Mandatory : setUpPrompt,
     factors,
   };
 };
diff --git a/packages/console/src/pages/Mfa/types.ts b/packages/console/src/pages/Mfa/types.ts
index fb0765d08..1e077aae1 100644
--- a/packages/console/src/pages/Mfa/types.ts
+++ b/packages/console/src/pages/Mfa/types.ts
@@ -1,10 +1,12 @@
 import { type MfaPolicy, type SignInExperience } from '@logto/schemas';
 
 export type MfaConfig = SignInExperience['mfa'];
+export type SignInPrompt = Exclude<MfaPolicy, MfaPolicy.UserControlled | MfaPolicy.Mandatory>;
 
 export type MfaConfigForm = {
-  policy: MfaPolicy;
   totpEnabled: boolean;
   webAuthnEnabled: boolean;
   backupCodeEnabled: boolean;
+  isMandatory: boolean;
+  setUpPrompt: SignInPrompt;
 };
diff --git a/packages/core/src/__mocks__/sign-in-experience.ts b/packages/core/src/__mocks__/sign-in-experience.ts
index 669bd5ca3..204a92ee4 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/__mocks__/sign-in-experience.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/__mocks__/sign-in-experience.ts
@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ export const mockSignInExperience: SignInExperience = {
   customUiAssets: null,
   passwordPolicy: {},
   mfa: {
-    policy: MfaPolicy.UserControlled,
+    policy: MfaPolicy.PromptAtSignInAndSignUp,
     factors: [],
   },
   singleSignOnEnabled: true,
diff --git a/packages/core/src/libraries/sign-in-experience/mfa.test.ts b/packages/core/src/libraries/sign-in-experience/mfa.test.ts
index 598678829..33e14202f 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/libraries/sign-in-experience/mfa.test.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/libraries/sign-in-experience/mfa.test.ts
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ describe('validate mfa', () => {
       expect(() => {
         validateMfa({
           factors: [],
-          policy: MfaPolicy.UserControlled,
+          policy: MfaPolicy.PromptAtSignInAndSignUp,
         });
       }).not.toThrow();
     });
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ describe('validate mfa', () => {
       expect(() => {
         validateMfa({
           factors: [MfaFactor.TOTP],
-          policy: MfaPolicy.UserControlled,
+          policy: MfaPolicy.PromptAtSignInAndSignUp,
         });
       }).not.toThrow();
     });
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ describe('validate mfa', () => {
       expect(() => {
         validateMfa({
           factors: [MfaFactor.TOTP, MfaFactor.BackupCode],
-          policy: MfaPolicy.UserControlled,
+          policy: MfaPolicy.PromptAtSignInAndSignUp,
         });
       }).not.toThrow();
     });
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ describe('validate mfa', () => {
     expect(() => {
       validateMfa({
         factors: [MfaFactor.BackupCode],
-        policy: MfaPolicy.UserControlled,
+        policy: MfaPolicy.PromptAtSignInAndSignUp,
       });
     }).toMatchError(new RequestError('sign_in_experiences.backup_code_cannot_be_enabled_alone'));
   });
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ describe('validate mfa', () => {
     expect(() => {
       validateMfa({
         factors: [MfaFactor.TOTP, MfaFactor.TOTP],
-        policy: MfaPolicy.UserControlled,
+        policy: MfaPolicy.PromptAtSignInAndSignUp,
       });
     }).toMatchError(new RequestError('sign_in_experiences.duplicated_mfa_factors'));
   });
diff --git a/packages/core/src/routes/experience/classes/mfa.ts b/packages/core/src/routes/experience/classes/mfa.ts
index 688c4405f..c9b1e9d84 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/routes/experience/classes/mfa.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/routes/experience/classes/mfa.ts
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ import {
   bindTotpGuard,
   type BindWebAuthn,
   bindWebAuthnGuard,
+  InteractionEvent,
   type JsonObject,
   MfaFactor,
   MfaPolicy,
@@ -152,7 +153,7 @@ export class Mfa {
     const { policy } = await this.signInExperienceValidator.getMfaSettings();
 
     assertThat(
-      policy === MfaPolicy.UserControlled,
+      policy !== MfaPolicy.Mandatory,
       new RequestError({
         code: 'session.mfa.mfa_policy_not_user_controlled',
         status: 422,
@@ -278,9 +279,21 @@ export class Mfa {
 
     const { mfaVerifications, logtoConfig } = await this.interactionContext.getIdentifiedUser();
 
-    // If the policy is user controlled and the user has skipped MFA, then there is nothing to check
-    // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/prefer-nullish-coalescing
-    if ((policy === MfaPolicy.UserControlled && this.#mfaSkipped) || isMfaSkipped(logtoConfig)) {
+    // If the policy is no prompt, then there is nothing to check
+    if (policy === MfaPolicy.NoPrompt) {
+      return;
+    }
+
+    // If the policy is not mandatory and the user has skipped MFA, then there is nothing to check
+    if ((policy !== MfaPolicy.Mandatory && this.#mfaSkipped) ?? isMfaSkipped(logtoConfig)) {
+      return;
+    }
+
+    // If the policy is prompt only at sign-in, and the event is register, skip check
+    if (
+      this.interactionContext.getInteractionEvent() === InteractionEvent.Register &&
+      policy === MfaPolicy.PromptOnlyAtSignIn
+    ) {
       return;
     }
 
diff --git a/packages/core/src/routes/interaction/mfa.ts b/packages/core/src/routes/interaction/mfa.ts
index 6b5b55677..e3ab78de4 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/routes/interaction/mfa.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/routes/interaction/mfa.ts
@@ -171,7 +171,7 @@ export default function mfaRoutes<T extends IRouterParamContext>(
       } = ctx;
 
       assertThat(
-        policy === MfaPolicy.UserControlled,
+        policy !== MfaPolicy.Mandatory,
         new RequestError({
           code: 'session.mfa.mfa_policy_not_user_controlled',
           status: 422,
diff --git a/packages/core/src/routes/interaction/middleware/koa-interaction-sie.ts b/packages/core/src/routes/interaction/middleware/koa-interaction-sie.ts
index 2834b745c..b66329639 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/routes/interaction/middleware/koa-interaction-sie.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/routes/interaction/middleware/koa-interaction-sie.ts
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import crypto from 'node:crypto';
 
 import { PasswordPolicyChecker } from '@logto/core-kit';
-import type { SignInExperience } from '@logto/schemas';
+import { MfaPolicy, type SignInExperience } from '@logto/schemas';
 import type { MiddlewareType } from 'koa';
 import { type IRouterParamContext } from 'koa-router';
 
@@ -24,7 +24,17 @@ export default function koaInteractionSie<StateT, ContextT extends IRouterParamC
   return async (ctx, next) => {
     const signInExperience = await findDefaultSignInExperience();
 
-    ctx.signInExperience = signInExperience;
+    ctx.signInExperience = {
+      ...signInExperience,
+      mfa: {
+        ...signInExperience.mfa,
+        policy:
+          // Fallback deprecated UserControlled policy to PromptAtSignInAndSignUp
+          signInExperience.mfa.policy === MfaPolicy.UserControlled
+            ? MfaPolicy.PromptAtSignInAndSignUp
+            : signInExperience.mfa.policy,
+      },
+    };
     ctx.passwordPolicyChecker = new PasswordPolicyChecker(
       signInExperience.passwordPolicy,
       crypto.subtle
diff --git a/packages/core/src/routes/interaction/verifications/mfa-verification.backup-code.test.ts b/packages/core/src/routes/interaction/verifications/mfa-verification.backup-code.test.ts
index 2ceac2884..f4d936cea 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/routes/interaction/verifications/mfa-verification.backup-code.test.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/routes/interaction/verifications/mfa-verification.backup-code.test.ts
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ const baseCtx = {
     ...mockSignInExperience,
     mfa: {
       factors: [MfaFactor.TOTP],
-      policy: MfaPolicy.UserControlled,
+      policy: MfaPolicy.PromptAtSignInAndSignUp,
     },
   },
   passwordPolicyChecker: new PasswordPolicyChecker(
diff --git a/packages/core/src/routes/interaction/verifications/mfa-verification.test.ts b/packages/core/src/routes/interaction/verifications/mfa-verification.test.ts
index 26ef5dc80..49171b7db 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/routes/interaction/verifications/mfa-verification.test.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/routes/interaction/verifications/mfa-verification.test.ts
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ const baseCtx = {
     ...mockSignInExperience,
     mfa: {
       factors: [MfaFactor.TOTP],
-      policy: MfaPolicy.UserControlled,
+      policy: MfaPolicy.PromptAtSignInAndSignUp,
     },
   },
   passwordPolicyChecker: new PasswordPolicyChecker(
@@ -75,6 +75,17 @@ const mfaRequiredCtx = {
   },
 };
 
+const promptOnlyAtSignInCtx = {
+  ...baseCtx,
+  signInExperience: {
+    ...mockSignInExperience,
+    mfa: {
+      factors: [MfaFactor.TOTP],
+      policy: MfaPolicy.PromptOnlyAtSignIn,
+    },
+  },
+};
+
 const mfaRequiredTotpOnlyCtx = {
   ...baseCtx,
   signInExperience: {
@@ -92,7 +103,7 @@ const allFactorsEnabledCtx = {
     ...mockSignInExperience,
     mfa: {
       factors: [MfaFactor.TOTP, MfaFactor.WebAuthn, MfaFactor.BackupCode],
-      policy: MfaPolicy.UserControlled,
+      policy: MfaPolicy.PromptAtSignInAndSignUp,
     },
   },
 };
@@ -142,7 +153,7 @@ describe('validateMandatoryBindMfa', () => {
       ).resolves.not.toThrow();
     });
 
-    it('bindMfa missing and not required should throw (for skip)', async () => {
+    it('bindMfa missing and policy is PromptAtSignInAndSignUp should throw (for skip)', async () => {
       await expect(
         validateMandatoryBindMfa(tenantContext, baseCtx, interaction)
       ).rejects.toMatchError(
@@ -156,7 +167,13 @@ describe('validateMandatoryBindMfa', () => {
       );
     });
 
-    it('bindMfa missing and not required, marked as skipped should pass', async () => {
+    it('bindMfas missing and policy is PromptOnlyAtSignIn should pass', async () => {
+      await expect(
+        validateMandatoryBindMfa(tenantContext, promptOnlyAtSignInCtx, interaction)
+      ).resolves.not.toThrow();
+    });
+
+    it('bindMfa missing and policy is PromptAtSignInAndSignUp should throw (for skip)', async () => {
       await expect(
         validateMandatoryBindMfa(tenantContext, baseCtx, {
           ...interaction,
@@ -182,7 +199,7 @@ describe('validateMandatoryBindMfa', () => {
       );
     });
 
-    it('user mfaVerifications and bindMfa missing, and not required should throw (for skip)', async () => {
+    it('user mfaVerifications and bindMfa missing, and policy is PromptAtSignInAndSignUp should throw (for skip)', async () => {
       findUserById.mockResolvedValueOnce(mockUser);
       await expect(
         validateMandatoryBindMfa(tenantContext, baseCtx, signInInteraction)
@@ -197,6 +214,21 @@ describe('validateMandatoryBindMfa', () => {
       );
     });
 
+    it('user mfaVerifications and bindMfa missing, and policy is PromptOnlyAtSignIn should throw (for skip)', async () => {
+      findUserById.mockResolvedValueOnce(mockUser);
+      await expect(
+        validateMandatoryBindMfa(tenantContext, promptOnlyAtSignInCtx, signInInteraction)
+      ).rejects.toMatchError(
+        new RequestError(
+          {
+            code: 'user.missing_mfa',
+            status: 422,
+          },
+          { availableFactors: [MfaFactor.TOTP], skippable: true }
+        )
+      );
+    });
+
     it('user mfaVerifications and bindMfa missing, mark skipped, and not required should pass', async () => {
       findUserById.mockResolvedValueOnce({
         ...mockUser,
diff --git a/packages/core/src/routes/interaction/verifications/mfa-verification.ts b/packages/core/src/routes/interaction/verifications/mfa-verification.ts
index 670c439c2..ea4f795ff 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/routes/interaction/verifications/mfa-verification.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/routes/interaction/verifications/mfa-verification.ts
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* eslint-disable complexity */
 import {
   InteractionEvent,
   MfaFactor,
@@ -147,13 +148,19 @@ export const validateMandatoryBindMfa = async (
   const { event, bindMfas } = interaction;
   const availableFactors = factors.filter((factor) => factor !== MfaFactor.BackupCode);
 
-  // No available MFA, skip check
-  if (availableFactors.length === 0) {
+  // No available MFA, or no prompt policy, skip check
+  if (availableFactors.length === 0 || policy === MfaPolicy.NoPrompt) {
     return interaction;
   }
 
+  // If the policy is not mandatory and the user has skipped MFA, skip check
   const { mfaSkipped } = interaction;
-  if (policy === MfaPolicy.UserControlled && mfaSkipped) {
+  if (policy !== MfaPolicy.Mandatory && mfaSkipped) {
+    return interaction;
+  }
+
+  // If the policy is prompt only at sign-in, and the event is register, skip check
+  if (interaction.event === InteractionEvent.Register && policy === MfaPolicy.PromptOnlyAtSignIn) {
     return interaction;
   }
 
@@ -268,3 +275,4 @@ export const validateBindMfaBackupCode = async (
     { codes }
   );
 };
+/* eslint-enable complexity */
diff --git a/packages/experience-legacy/src/__mocks__/logto.tsx b/packages/experience-legacy/src/__mocks__/logto.tsx
index 95d6ce559..b1746ac00 100644
--- a/packages/experience-legacy/src/__mocks__/logto.tsx
+++ b/packages/experience-legacy/src/__mocks__/logto.tsx
@@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ export const mockSignInExperience: SignInExperience = {
   customUiAssets: null,
   passwordPolicy: {},
   mfa: {
-    policy: MfaPolicy.UserControlled,
+    policy: MfaPolicy.PromptAtSignInAndSignUp,
     factors: [],
   },
   singleSignOnEnabled: true,
@@ -146,7 +146,7 @@ export const mockSignInExperienceSettings: SignInExperienceResponse = {
   customUiAssets: null,
   passwordPolicy: {},
   mfa: {
-    policy: MfaPolicy.UserControlled,
+    policy: MfaPolicy.PromptAtSignInAndSignUp,
     factors: [],
   },
   isDevelopmentTenant: false,
diff --git a/packages/experience/src/__mocks__/logto.tsx b/packages/experience/src/__mocks__/logto.tsx
index 95d6ce559..b1746ac00 100644
--- a/packages/experience/src/__mocks__/logto.tsx
+++ b/packages/experience/src/__mocks__/logto.tsx
@@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ export const mockSignInExperience: SignInExperience = {
   customUiAssets: null,
   passwordPolicy: {},
   mfa: {
-    policy: MfaPolicy.UserControlled,
+    policy: MfaPolicy.PromptAtSignInAndSignUp,
     factors: [],
   },
   singleSignOnEnabled: true,
@@ -146,7 +146,7 @@ export const mockSignInExperienceSettings: SignInExperienceResponse = {
   customUiAssets: null,
   passwordPolicy: {},
   mfa: {
-    policy: MfaPolicy.UserControlled,
+    policy: MfaPolicy.PromptAtSignInAndSignUp,
     factors: [],
   },
   isDevelopmentTenant: false,
diff --git a/packages/integration-tests/src/helpers/sign-in-experience.ts b/packages/integration-tests/src/helpers/sign-in-experience.ts
index 4320be375..7b52d506a 100644
--- a/packages/integration-tests/src/helpers/sign-in-experience.ts
+++ b/packages/integration-tests/src/helpers/sign-in-experience.ts
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ export const enableAllPasswordSignInMethods = async (
     signIn: {
       methods: defaultPasswordSignInMethods,
     },
-    mfa: { factors: [], policy: MfaPolicy.UserControlled },
+    mfa: { factors: [], policy: MfaPolicy.PromptAtSignInAndSignUp },
   });
 
 export const resetPasswordPolicy = async () =>
@@ -102,14 +102,30 @@ export const enableAllVerificationCodeSignInMethods = async (
     signIn: {
       methods: defaultVerificationCodeSignInMethods,
     },
-    mfa: { factors: [], policy: MfaPolicy.UserControlled },
+    mfa: { factors: [], policy: MfaPolicy.PromptAtSignInAndSignUp },
   });
 
 export const enableUserControlledMfaWithTotp = async () =>
   updateSignInExperience({
     mfa: {
       factors: [MfaFactor.TOTP],
-      policy: MfaPolicy.UserControlled,
+      policy: MfaPolicy.PromptAtSignInAndSignUp,
+    },
+  });
+
+export const enableUserControlledMfaWithTotpOnlyAtSignIn = async () =>
+  updateSignInExperience({
+    mfa: {
+      factors: [MfaFactor.TOTP],
+      policy: MfaPolicy.PromptOnlyAtSignIn,
+    },
+  });
+
+export const enableUserControlledMfaWithNoPrompt = async () =>
+  updateSignInExperience({
+    mfa: {
+      factors: [MfaFactor.TOTP],
+      policy: MfaPolicy.NoPrompt,
     },
   });
 
@@ -146,7 +162,7 @@ export const enableMandatoryMfaWithWebAuthnAndBackupCode = async () =>
   });
 
 export const resetMfaSettings = async () =>
-  updateSignInExperience({ mfa: { policy: MfaPolicy.UserControlled, factors: [] } });
+  updateSignInExperience({ mfa: { policy: MfaPolicy.PromptAtSignInAndSignUp, factors: [] } });
 
 /** Enable only username and password sign-in and sign-up. */
 export const setUsernamePasswordOnly = async () => {
diff --git a/packages/integration-tests/src/tests/api/experience-api/bind-mfa/happpy-path.test.ts b/packages/integration-tests/src/tests/api/experience-api/bind-mfa/happpy-path.test.ts
index 4d9d47714..2e7c0d893 100644
--- a/packages/integration-tests/src/tests/api/experience-api/bind-mfa/happpy-path.test.ts
+++ b/packages/integration-tests/src/tests/api/experience-api/bind-mfa/happpy-path.test.ts
@@ -16,7 +16,9 @@ import {
   enableAllPasswordSignInMethods,
   enableMandatoryMfaWithTotp,
   enableMandatoryMfaWithTotpAndBackupCode,
+  enableUserControlledMfaWithNoPrompt,
   enableUserControlledMfaWithTotp,
+  enableUserControlledMfaWithTotpOnlyAtSignIn,
 } from '#src/helpers/sign-in-experience.js';
 import { generateNewUserProfile, UserApiTest } from '#src/helpers/user.js';
 
@@ -122,7 +124,7 @@ describe('Bind MFA APIs happy path', () => {
     });
   });
 
-  describe('user controlled TOTP', () => {
+  describe('TOTP with policy PromptAtSignInAndSignUp', () => {
     beforeAll(async () => {
       await enableUserControlledMfaWithTotp();
     });
@@ -183,6 +185,86 @@ describe('Bind MFA APIs happy path', () => {
     });
   });
 
+  describe('TOTP with policy PromptOnlyAtSignIn', () => {
+    beforeAll(async () => {
+      await enableUserControlledMfaWithTotpOnlyAtSignIn();
+    });
+
+    it('should able to register without MFA', async () => {
+      const { username, password } = generateNewUserProfile({ username: true, password: true });
+      const client = await initExperienceClient(InteractionEvent.Register);
+
+      const { verificationId } = await client.createNewPasswordIdentityVerification({
+        identifier: {
+          type: SignInIdentifier.Username,
+          value: username,
+        },
+        password,
+      });
+
+      await client.identifyUser({ verificationId });
+      const { redirectTo } = await client.submitInteraction();
+      const userId = await processSession(client, redirectTo);
+      await logoutClient(client);
+      await deleteUser(userId);
+    });
+
+    it('should able to skip MFA binding on sign-in', async () => {
+      const { username, password } = generateNewUserProfile({ username: true, password: true });
+      await userApi.create({ username, password });
+
+      const client = await initExperienceClient();
+      await identifyUserWithUsernamePassword(client, username, password);
+
+      await expectRejects(client.submitInteraction(), {
+        code: 'user.missing_mfa',
+        status: 422,
+      });
+
+      await client.skipMfaBinding();
+
+      const { redirectTo } = await client.submitInteraction();
+      await processSession(client, redirectTo);
+      await logoutClient(client);
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('TOTP with policy NoPrompt', () => {
+    beforeAll(async () => {
+      await enableUserControlledMfaWithNoPrompt();
+    });
+
+    it('should able to register without MFA', async () => {
+      const { username, password } = generateNewUserProfile({ username: true, password: true });
+      const client = await initExperienceClient(InteractionEvent.Register);
+
+      const { verificationId } = await client.createNewPasswordIdentityVerification({
+        identifier: {
+          type: SignInIdentifier.Username,
+          value: username,
+        },
+        password,
+      });
+
+      await client.identifyUser({ verificationId });
+      const { redirectTo } = await client.submitInteraction();
+      const userId = await processSession(client, redirectTo);
+      await logoutClient(client);
+      await deleteUser(userId);
+    });
+
+    it('should able to sign-in without MFA', async () => {
+      const { username, password } = generateNewUserProfile({ username: true, password: true });
+      await userApi.create({ username, password });
+
+      const client = await initExperienceClient();
+      await identifyUserWithUsernamePassword(client, username, password);
+      const { redirectTo } = await client.submitInteraction();
+      await processSession(client, redirectTo);
+      await logoutClient(client);
+    });
+  });
+
   describe('mandatory TOTP with backup codes', () => {
     beforeAll(async () => {
       await enableMandatoryMfaWithTotpAndBackupCode();
diff --git a/packages/integration-tests/src/tests/api/sign-in-experience.test.ts b/packages/integration-tests/src/tests/api/sign-in-experience.test.ts
index 7329ee752..de0f4eae3 100644
--- a/packages/integration-tests/src/tests/api/sign-in-experience.test.ts
+++ b/packages/integration-tests/src/tests/api/sign-in-experience.test.ts
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ describe('admin console sign-in experience', () => {
       termsOfUseUrl: 'mock://fake-url/terms',
       privacyPolicyUrl: 'mock://fake-url/privacy',
       mfa: {
-        policy: MfaPolicy.UserControlled,
+        policy: MfaPolicy.PromptAtSignInAndSignUp,
         factors: [],
       },
       singleSignOnEnabled: true,
diff --git a/packages/phrases/src/locales/en/translation/admin-console/mfa.ts b/packages/phrases/src/locales/en/translation/admin-console/mfa.ts
index c16990f1a..2fdb922b8 100644
--- a/packages/phrases/src/locales/en/translation/admin-console/mfa.ts
+++ b/packages/phrases/src/locales/en/translation/admin-console/mfa.ts
@@ -28,6 +28,15 @@ const mfa = {
   mandatory: 'Users are always required to use MFA at sign-in',
   mandatory_tip:
     'Users must set up MFA the first time at sign-in or sign-up, and use it for all future sign-ins.',
+  require_mfa: 'Require MFA',
+  require_mfa_label:
+    'Enable this to make 2-step verification mandatory for accessing your applications. If disabled, users can decide whether to enable MFA for themselves.',
+  set_up_prompt: 'MFA set-up prompt',
+  no_prompt: 'Do not ask users to set up MFA',
+  prompt_at_sign_in_and_sign_up:
+    'Ask users to set up MFA during registration (skippable, one-time prompt)',
+  prompt_only_at_sign_in:
+    'Ask users to set up MFA on their sign-in after registration (skippable, one-time prompt)',
 };
 
 export default Object.freeze(mfa);
diff --git a/packages/schemas/src/foundations/jsonb-types/sign-in-experience.ts b/packages/schemas/src/foundations/jsonb-types/sign-in-experience.ts
index b96b04273..2c3671d5b 100644
--- a/packages/schemas/src/foundations/jsonb-types/sign-in-experience.ts
+++ b/packages/schemas/src/foundations/jsonb-types/sign-in-experience.ts
@@ -105,8 +105,16 @@ export const mfaFactorsGuard = z.nativeEnum(MfaFactor).array();
 export type MfaFactors = z.infer<typeof mfaFactorsGuard>;
 
 export enum MfaPolicy {
+  /** @deprecated, use `PromptAtSignInAndSignUp` instead */
   UserControlled = 'UserControlled',
+  /** MFA is required for all users */
   Mandatory = 'Mandatory',
+  /** Ask users to set up MFA on their sign-in after registration (skippable, one-time prompt) */
+  PromptOnlyAtSignIn = 'PromptOnlyAtSignIn',
+  /** Ask users to set up MFA during registration (skippable, one-time prompt) */
+  PromptAtSignInAndSignUp = 'PromptAtSignInAndSignUp',
+  /** Do not ask users to set up MFA */
+  NoPrompt = 'NoPrompt',
 }
 
 export const mfaGuard = z.object({