diff --git a/packages/core/src/lib/user.test.ts b/packages/core/src/lib/user.test.ts
index 898e96236..34723dd5a 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/lib/user.test.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/lib/user.test.ts
@@ -1,22 +1,20 @@
 import { UsersPasswordEncryptionMethod } from '@logto/schemas';
 
-import { hasUserWithId, findUserById } from '@/queries/user';
+import { hasUserWithId } from '@/queries/user';
 
-import { encryptUserPassword, generateUserId, findUserSignInMethodsById } from './user';
+import { encryptUserPassword, generateUserId } from './user';
 
-jest.mock('@/queries/user', () => ({
-  findUserById: jest.fn(),
-  hasUserWithId: jest.fn(),
-}));
+jest.mock('@/queries/user');
 
 describe('generateUserId()', () => {
   afterEach(() => {
-    jest.clearAllMocks();
+    (hasUserWithId as jest.MockedFunction<typeof hasUserWithId>).mockClear();
   });
 
   it('generates user ID with correct length when no conflict found', async () => {
-    const mockedHasUserWithId = hasUserWithId as jest.Mock;
-    mockedHasUserWithId.mockImplementationOnce(async () => false);
+    const mockedHasUserWithId = (
+      hasUserWithId as jest.MockedFunction<typeof hasUserWithId>
+    ).mockImplementationOnce(async () => false);
 
     await expect(generateUserId()).resolves.toHaveLength(12);
     expect(mockedHasUserWithId).toBeCalledTimes(1);
@@ -25,8 +23,9 @@ describe('generateUserId()', () => {
   it('generates user ID with correct length when retry limit is not reached', async () => {
     // eslint-disable-next-line @silverhand/fp/no-let
     let tried = 0;
-    const mockedHasUserWithId = hasUserWithId as jest.Mock;
-    mockedHasUserWithId.mockImplementation(async () => {
+    const mockedHasUserWithId = (
+      hasUserWithId as jest.MockedFunction<typeof hasUserWithId>
+    ).mockImplementation(async () => {
       if (tried) {
         return false;
       }
@@ -42,8 +41,9 @@ describe('generateUserId()', () => {
   });
 
   it('rejects with correct error message when retry limit is reached', async () => {
-    const mockedHasUserWithId = hasUserWithId as jest.Mock;
-    mockedHasUserWithId.mockImplementation(async () => true);
+    const mockedHasUserWithId = (
+      hasUserWithId as jest.MockedFunction<typeof hasUserWithId>
+    ).mockImplementation(async () => true);
 
     await expect(generateUserId(10)).rejects.toThrow(
       'Cannot generate user ID in reasonable retries'
@@ -61,78 +61,3 @@ describe('encryptUserPassword()', () => {
     expect(passwordEncryptionSalt).toHaveLength(21);
   });
 });
-
-describe('findUserSignInMethodsById()', () => {
-  afterEach(() => {
-    jest.clearAllMocks();
-  });
-
-  it('generate and test user with username and password sign-in method', async () => {
-    const mockFindUserById = findUserById as jest.Mock;
-    mockFindUserById.mockResolvedValue({
-      username: 'abcd',
-      passwordEncrypted: '1234567890',
-      passwordEncryptionMethod: UsersPasswordEncryptionMethod.SaltAndPepper,
-      passwordEncryptionSalt: '123456790',
-    });
-    const { usernameAndPassword, emailPasswordless, phonePasswordless, social } =
-      await findUserSignInMethodsById('');
-    expect(usernameAndPassword).toEqual(true);
-    expect(emailPasswordless).toBeFalsy();
-    expect(phonePasswordless).toBeFalsy();
-    expect(social).toBeFalsy();
-  });
-
-  it('generate and test user with email passwordless sign-in method', async () => {
-    const mockFindUserById = findUserById as jest.Mock;
-    mockFindUserById.mockResolvedValue({
-      primaryEmail: 'b@a.com',
-      identities: {},
-    });
-    const { usernameAndPassword, emailPasswordless, phonePasswordless, social } =
-      await findUserSignInMethodsById('');
-    expect(usernameAndPassword).toBeFalsy();
-    expect(emailPasswordless).toEqual(true);
-    expect(phonePasswordless).toBeFalsy();
-    expect(social).toBeFalsy();
-  });
-
-  it('generate and test user with phone passwordless sign-in method', async () => {
-    const mockFindUserById = findUserById as jest.Mock;
-    mockFindUserById.mockResolvedValue({
-      primaryPhone: '13000000000',
-    });
-    const { usernameAndPassword, emailPasswordless, phonePasswordless, social } =
-      await findUserSignInMethodsById('');
-    expect(usernameAndPassword).toBeFalsy();
-    expect(emailPasswordless).toBeFalsy();
-    expect(phonePasswordless).toEqual(true);
-    expect(social).toBeFalsy();
-  });
-
-  it('generate and test user with social sign-in method (single social connector information in record)', async () => {
-    const mockFindUserById = findUserById as jest.Mock;
-    mockFindUserById.mockResolvedValue({
-      identities: { connector1: { userId: 'foo1' } },
-    });
-    const { usernameAndPassword, emailPasswordless, phonePasswordless, social } =
-      await findUserSignInMethodsById('');
-    expect(usernameAndPassword).toBeFalsy();
-    expect(emailPasswordless).toBeFalsy();
-    expect(phonePasswordless).toBeFalsy();
-    expect(social).toEqual(true);
-  });
-
-  it('generate and test user with social sign-in method (multiple social connectors information in record)', async () => {
-    const mockFindUserById = findUserById as jest.Mock;
-    mockFindUserById.mockResolvedValue({
-      identities: { connector1: { userId: 'foo1' }, connector2: { userId: 'foo2' } },
-    });
-    const { usernameAndPassword, emailPasswordless, phonePasswordless, social } =
-      await findUserSignInMethodsById('');
-    expect(usernameAndPassword).toBeFalsy();
-    expect(emailPasswordless).toBeFalsy();
-    expect(phonePasswordless).toBeFalsy();
-    expect(social).toEqual(true);
-  });
-});
diff --git a/packages/core/src/lib/user.ts b/packages/core/src/lib/user.ts
index fad38bdcc..3b5349378 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/lib/user.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/lib/user.ts
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ import { UsersPasswordEncryptionMethod, User } from '@logto/schemas';
 import { nanoid } from 'nanoid';
 import pRetry from 'p-retry';
 
-import { findUserById, findUserByUsername, hasUserWithId } from '@/queries/user';
+import { findUserByUsername, hasUserWithId } from '@/queries/user';
 import assertThat from '@/utils/assert-that';
 import { buildIdGenerator } from '@/utils/id';
 import { encryptPassword } from '@/utils/password';
@@ -43,36 +43,6 @@ export const encryptUserPassword = (
   return { passwordEncrypted, passwordEncryptionMethod, passwordEncryptionSalt };
 };
 
-export const findUserSignInMethodsById = async (
-  id: string
-): Promise<{
-  usernameAndPassword: boolean;
-  emailPasswordless: boolean;
-  phonePasswordless: boolean;
-  social: boolean;
-}> => {
-  const user = await findUserById(id);
-  const {
-    username,
-    passwordEncrypted,
-    passwordEncryptionMethod,
-    passwordEncryptionSalt,
-    primaryEmail,
-    primaryPhone,
-    identities,
-  } = user;
-
-  const usernameAndPassword = Boolean(
-    username && passwordEncrypted && passwordEncryptionMethod && passwordEncryptionSalt
-  );
-  const emailPasswordless = Boolean(primaryEmail);
-  const phonePasswordless = Boolean(primaryPhone);
-  // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/no-unnecessary-condition
-  const social = identities && Object.keys(identities).length > 0;
-
-  return { usernameAndPassword, emailPasswordless, phonePasswordless, social };
-};
-
 export const findUserByUsernameAndPassword = async (
   username: string,
   password: string
diff --git a/packages/core/src/routes/session.test.ts b/packages/core/src/routes/session.test.ts
index 5d365afb5..840ddcdf5 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/routes/session.test.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/routes/session.test.ts
@@ -729,132 +729,6 @@ describe('sessionRoutes', () => {
     });
   });
 
-  describe('POST /session/forgot-password/phone/send-passcode', () => {
-    beforeAll(() => {
-      interactionDetails.mockResolvedValueOnce({
-        jti: 'jti',
-      });
-    });
-
-    it('throw if no user can be found with phone', async () => {
-      const response = await sessionRequest
-        .post('/session/forgot-password/phone/send-passcode')
-        .send({ phone: '13000000001' });
-      expect(response).toHaveProperty('statusCode', 422);
-    });
-
-    it('create and send passcode', async () => {
-      const response = await sessionRequest
-        .post('/session/forgot-password/phone/send-passcode')
-        .send({ phone: '13000000000' });
-      expect(response.statusCode).toEqual(204);
-      expect(sendPasscode).toHaveBeenCalled();
-    });
-  });
-
-  describe('POST /session/forgot-password/phone/verify-passcode-and-reset-password', () => {
-    beforeAll(() => {
-      interactionDetails.mockResolvedValueOnce({
-        jti: 'jti',
-      });
-    });
-
-    it('throw if no user can be found with phone', async () => {
-      const response = await sessionRequest
-        .post('/session/forgot-password/phone/verify-passcode-and-reset-password')
-        .send({ phone: '13000000001', code: '1234', password: '123456' });
-      expect(response).toHaveProperty('statusCode', 422);
-    });
-
-    it('fail to verify passcode', async () => {
-      const response = await sessionRequest
-        .post('/session/forgot-password/phone/verify-passcode-and-reset-password')
-        .send({ phone: '13000000000', code: '1231', password: '123456' });
-      expect(response).toHaveProperty('statusCode', 400);
-    });
-
-    it('verify passcode, reset password and assign result', async () => {
-      const response = await sessionRequest
-        .post('/session/forgot-password/phone/verify-passcode-and-reset-password')
-        .send({ phone: '13000000000', code: '1234', password: '123456' });
-      expect(response).toHaveProperty('statusCode', 200);
-      expect(updateUserById).toHaveBeenCalledWith('id', {
-        passwordEncryptionSalt: 'user1',
-        passwordEncrypted: 'id_123456_user1',
-        passwordEncryptionMethod: 'SaltAndPepper',
-      });
-      expect(interactionResult).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
-        expect.anything(),
-        expect.anything(),
-        expect.objectContaining({ login: { accountId: 'id' } }),
-        expect.anything()
-      );
-    });
-  });
-
-  describe('POST /session/forgot-password/email/send-passcode', () => {
-    beforeAll(() => {
-      interactionDetails.mockResolvedValueOnce({
-        jti: 'jti',
-      });
-    });
-
-    it('throw if no user can be found with email', async () => {
-      const response = await sessionRequest
-        .post('/session/forgot-password/email/send-passcode')
-        .send({ email: 'b@a.com' });
-      expect(response).toHaveProperty('statusCode', 422);
-    });
-
-    it('create and send passcode', async () => {
-      const response = await sessionRequest
-        .post('/session/forgot-password/email/send-passcode')
-        .send({ email: 'a@a.com' });
-      expect(response.statusCode).toEqual(204);
-      expect(sendPasscode).toHaveBeenCalled();
-    });
-  });
-
-  describe('POST /session/forgot-password/email/verify-passcode-and-reset-password', () => {
-    beforeAll(() => {
-      interactionDetails.mockResolvedValueOnce({
-        jti: 'jti',
-      });
-    });
-
-    it('throw if no user can be found with email', async () => {
-      const response = await sessionRequest
-        .post('/session/forgot-password/email/verify-passcode-and-reset-password')
-        .send({ email: 'b@a.com', code: '1234', password: '123456' });
-      expect(response).toHaveProperty('statusCode', 422);
-    });
-
-    it('fail to verify passcode', async () => {
-      const response = await sessionRequest
-        .post('/session/forgot-password/email/verify-passcode-and-reset-password')
-        .send({ email: 'a@a.com', code: '1231', password: '123456' });
-      expect(response).toHaveProperty('statusCode', 400);
-    });
-
-    it('verify passcode, reset password and assign result', async () => {
-      const response = await sessionRequest
-        .post('/session/forgot-password/email/verify-passcode-and-reset-password')
-        .send({ email: 'a@a.com', code: '1234', password: '123456' });
-      expect(response).toHaveProperty('statusCode', 200);
-      expect(updateUserById).toHaveBeenCalledWith('id', {
-        passwordEncryptionSalt: 'user1',
-        passwordEncrypted: 'id_123456_user1',
-        passwordEncryptionMethod: 'SaltAndPepper',
-      });
-      expect(interactionResult).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
-        expect.anything(),
-        expect.anything(),
-        expect.objectContaining({ login: { accountId: 'id' } }),
-        expect.anything()
-      );
-    });
-  });
-
   describe('POST /session/bind-social', () => {
     it('throw if session is not authorized', async () => {
       interactionDetails.mockResolvedValueOnce({});
diff --git a/packages/core/src/routes/session.ts b/packages/core/src/routes/session.ts
index b9937a05a..bead1ed94 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/routes/session.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/routes/session.ts
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ import {
   getUserInfoByAuthCode,
   getUserInfoFromInteractionResult,
 } from '@/lib/social';
-import { generateUserId, encryptUserPassword, findUserByUsernameAndPassword } from '@/lib/user';
+import { encryptUserPassword, generateUserId, findUserByUsernameAndPassword } from '@/lib/user';
 import koaGuard from '@/middleware/koa-guard';
 import {
   hasUserWithEmail,
@@ -475,128 +475,6 @@ export default function sessionRoutes<T extends AnonymousRouter>(router: T, prov
     }
   );
 
-  router.post(
-    '/session/forgot-password/phone/send-passcode',
-    koaGuard({ body: object({ phone: string().regex(phoneRegEx) }) }),
-    async (ctx, next) => {
-      const { jti } = await provider.interactionDetails(ctx.req, ctx.res);
-      const { phone } = ctx.guard.body;
-      ctx.userLog.phone = phone;
-      ctx.userLog.type = UserLogType.ForgotPasswordPhone;
-
-      assertThat(
-        await hasUserWithPhone(phone),
-        new RequestError({ code: 'user.phone_not_exists', status: 422 })
-      );
-      const { id } = await findUserByPhone(phone);
-      ctx.userLog.userId = id;
-
-      const passcode = await createPasscode(jti, PasscodeType.ForgotPassword, { phone });
-      await sendPasscode(passcode);
-      ctx.status = 204;
-
-      return next();
-    }
-  );
-
-  router.post(
-    '/session/forgot-password/phone/verify-passcode-and-reset-password',
-    koaGuard({
-      body: object({
-        phone: string().regex(phoneRegEx),
-        code: string(),
-        password: string().regex(passwordRegEx),
-      }),
-    }),
-    async (ctx, next) => {
-      const { jti } = await provider.interactionDetails(ctx.req, ctx.res);
-      const { phone, code, password } = ctx.guard.body;
-      ctx.userLog.phone = phone;
-      ctx.userLog.type = UserLogType.ForgotPasswordPhone;
-
-      assertThat(
-        await hasUserWithPhone(phone),
-        new RequestError({ code: 'user.phone_not_exists', status: 422 })
-      );
-
-      await verifyPasscode(jti, PasscodeType.ForgotPassword, code, { phone });
-      const { id } = await findUserByPhone(phone);
-      ctx.userLog.userId = id;
-
-      const { passwordEncryptionSalt, passwordEncrypted, passwordEncryptionMethod } =
-        encryptUserPassword(id, password);
-      await updateUserById(id, {
-        passwordEncryptionSalt,
-        passwordEncrypted,
-        passwordEncryptionMethod,
-      });
-      await assignInteractionResults(ctx, provider, { login: { accountId: id } });
-
-      return next();
-    }
-  );
-
-  router.post(
-    '/session/forgot-password/email/send-passcode',
-    koaGuard({ body: object({ email: string().regex(emailRegEx) }) }),
-    async (ctx, next) => {
-      const { jti } = await provider.interactionDetails(ctx.req, ctx.res);
-      const { email } = ctx.guard.body;
-      ctx.userLog.email = email;
-      ctx.userLog.type = UserLogType.ForgotPasswordEmail;
-
-      assertThat(
-        await hasUserWithEmail(email),
-        new RequestError({ code: 'user.email_not_exists', status: 422 })
-      );
-      const { id } = await findUserByEmail(email);
-      ctx.userLog.userId = id;
-
-      const passcode = await createPasscode(jti, PasscodeType.ForgotPassword, { email });
-      await sendPasscode(passcode);
-      ctx.status = 204;
-
-      return next();
-    }
-  );
-
-  router.post(
-    '/session/forgot-password/email/verify-passcode-and-reset-password',
-    koaGuard({
-      body: object({
-        email: string().regex(emailRegEx),
-        code: string(),
-        password: string().regex(passwordRegEx),
-      }),
-    }),
-    async (ctx, next) => {
-      const { jti } = await provider.interactionDetails(ctx.req, ctx.res);
-      const { email, code, password } = ctx.guard.body;
-      ctx.userLog.email = email;
-      ctx.userLog.type = UserLogType.ForgotPasswordEmail;
-
-      assertThat(
-        await hasUserWithEmail(email),
-        new RequestError({ code: 'user.email_not_exists', status: 422 })
-      );
-
-      await verifyPasscode(jti, PasscodeType.ForgotPassword, code, { email });
-      const { id } = await findUserByEmail(email);
-      ctx.userLog.userId = id;
-
-      const { passwordEncryptionSalt, passwordEncrypted, passwordEncryptionMethod } =
-        encryptUserPassword(id, password);
-      await updateUserById(id, {
-        passwordEncryptionSalt,
-        passwordEncrypted,
-        passwordEncryptionMethod,
-      });
-      await assignInteractionResults(ctx, provider, { login: { accountId: id } });
-
-      return next();
-    }
-  );
-
   router.post(
     '/session/bind-social',
     koaGuard({
diff --git a/packages/phrases/src/locales/en.ts b/packages/phrases/src/locales/en.ts
index a4a28e33e..4d860d32e 100644
--- a/packages/phrases/src/locales/en.ts
+++ b/packages/phrases/src/locales/en.ts
@@ -161,8 +161,6 @@ const errors = {
     phone_not_exists: 'The phone number has not been registered yet.',
     identity_not_exists: 'The social account has not been registered yet.',
     identity_exists: 'The social account has been registered.',
-    username_password_signin_not_exists:
-      'Signing in with username and password has not been enabled for this user.',
   },
   password: {
     unsupported_encryption_method: 'The encryption method {{name}} is not supported.',
diff --git a/packages/phrases/src/locales/zh-cn.ts b/packages/phrases/src/locales/zh-cn.ts
index 476162586..d8d73cf7d 100644
--- a/packages/phrases/src/locales/zh-cn.ts
+++ b/packages/phrases/src/locales/zh-cn.ts
@@ -162,7 +162,6 @@ const errors = {
     phone_not_exists: '手机号码尚未注册。',
     identity_not_exists: '该社交账号尚未注册。',
     identity_exists: '该社交账号已被注册。',
-    username_password_signin_not_exists: '该账号暂未开通账号密码登录方式。',
   },
   password: {
     unsupported_encryption_method: '不支持的加密方法 {{name}}。',
diff --git a/packages/schemas/src/db-entries/custom-types.ts b/packages/schemas/src/db-entries/custom-types.ts
index 2091defc6..a87dbc9f9 100644
--- a/packages/schemas/src/db-entries/custom-types.ts
+++ b/packages/schemas/src/db-entries/custom-types.ts
@@ -19,8 +19,6 @@ export enum UserLogType {
   RegisterEmail = 'RegisterEmail',
   RegisterPhone = 'RegisterPhone',
   RegisterSocial = 'RegisterSocial',
-  ForgotPasswordEmail = 'ForgotPasswordEmail',
-  ForgotPasswordPhone = 'ForgotPasswordPhone',
   ExchangeAccessToken = 'ExchangeAccessToken',
 }
 export enum UserLogResult {
diff --git a/packages/schemas/tables/user_logs.sql b/packages/schemas/tables/user_logs.sql
index 4b21c3d2b..d8a578fc2 100644
--- a/packages/schemas/tables/user_logs.sql
+++ b/packages/schemas/tables/user_logs.sql
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-create type user_log_type as enum ('SignInUsernameAndPassword', 'SignInEmail', 'SignInPhone', 'SignInSocial', 'RegisterUsernameAndPassword', 'RegisterEmail', 'RegisterPhone', 'RegisterSocial', 'ForgotPasswordEmail', 'ForgotPasswordPhone', 'ExchangeAccessToken');
+create type user_log_type as enum ('SignInUsernameAndPassword', 'SignInEmail', 'SignInPhone', 'SignInSocial', 'RegisterUsernameAndPassword', 'RegisterEmail', 'RegisterPhone', 'RegisterSocial', 'ExchangeAccessToken');
 
 create type user_log_result as enum ('Success', 'Failed');