diff --git a/packages/integration-tests/jest.config.js b/packages/integration-tests/jest.config.js
index 2c1f814ce..415853387 100644
--- a/packages/integration-tests/jest.config.js
+++ b/packages/integration-tests/jest.config.js
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ const config = {
   transform: {},
   testPathIgnorePatterns: ['/node_modules/'],
   coverageProvider: 'v8',
-  setupFilesAfterEnv: ['./jest.setup.js', './jest.setup.api.js'],
+  setupFilesAfterEnv: ['jest-matcher-specific-error', './jest.setup.js', './jest.setup.api.js'],
   roots: ['./lib'],
   moduleNameMapper: {
     '^#src/(.*)\\.js(x)?$': '<rootDir>/lib/$1',
diff --git a/packages/integration-tests/jest.config.ui.js b/packages/integration-tests/jest.config.ui.js
index 822a9d961..7a84cadc6 100644
--- a/packages/integration-tests/jest.config.ui.js
+++ b/packages/integration-tests/jest.config.ui.js
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 const config = {
   transform: {},
   preset: 'jest-puppeteer',
-  setupFilesAfterEnv: ['./jest.setup.js'],
+  setupFilesAfterEnv: ['jest-matcher-specific-error', './jest.setup.js'],
   moduleNameMapper: {
     '^#src/(.*)\\.js(x)?$': '<rootDir>/lib/$1',
     '^(chalk|inquirer)$': '<rootDir>/../shared/lib/esm/module-proxy.js',
diff --git a/packages/integration-tests/package.json b/packages/integration-tests/package.json
index c9d27a214..8f0381dbc 100644
--- a/packages/integration-tests/package.json
+++ b/packages/integration-tests/package.json
@@ -38,7 +38,9 @@
     "expect-puppeteer": "^9.0.0",
     "got": "^13.0.0",
     "jest": "^29.5.0",
+    "jest-matcher-specific-error": "^1.0.0",
     "jest-puppeteer": "^9.0.0",
+    "jose": "^5.0.0",
     "node-fetch": "^3.3.0",
     "openapi-schema-validator": "^12.0.0",
     "openapi-types": "^12.0.0",
diff --git a/packages/integration-tests/src/client/index.ts b/packages/integration-tests/src/client/index.ts
index 557839d5d..35edc220f 100644
--- a/packages/integration-tests/src/client/index.ts
+++ b/packages/integration-tests/src/client/index.ts
@@ -18,12 +18,11 @@ export const defaultConfig = {
 };
 export default class MockClient {
   public rawCookies: string[] = [];
-
   protected readonly config: LogtoConfig;
+  protected readonly storage: MemoryStorage;
+  protected readonly logto: LogtoClient;
 
   private navigateUrl?: string;
-  private readonly storage: MemoryStorage;
-  private readonly logto: LogtoClient;
   private readonly api: Got;
 
   constructor(config?: Partial<LogtoConfig>) {
diff --git a/packages/integration-tests/src/tests/api/oidc/organization-token-grant.test.ts b/packages/integration-tests/src/tests/api/oidc/organization-token-grant.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c358cd2bc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/integration-tests/src/tests/api/oidc/organization-token-grant.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,377 @@
+import assert from 'node:assert';
+
+import { decodeAccessToken } from '@logto/js';
+import { type LogtoConfig, Prompt } from '@logto/node';
+import { GrantType, InteractionEvent, demoAppApplicationId } from '@logto/schemas';
+import { isKeyInObject, removeUndefinedKeys } from '@silverhand/essentials';
+import { HTTPError, got } from 'got';
+import { createRemoteJWKSet, jwtVerify } from 'jose';
+
+import { putInteraction } from '#src/api/index.js';
+import MockClient, { defaultConfig } from '#src/client/index.js';
+import { demoAppRedirectUri } from '#src/constants.js';
+import { processSession } from '#src/helpers/client.js';
+import { OrganizationApiTest } from '#src/helpers/organization.js';
+import { enableAllPasswordSignInMethods } from '#src/helpers/sign-in-experience.js';
+import { UserApiTest } from '#src/helpers/user.js';
+import { generateUsername, generatePassword } from '#src/utils.js';
+
+/** A helper class to simplify the test on grant errors. */
+class GrantError extends Error {
+  constructor(
+    public readonly statusCode: number,
+    public readonly body: unknown
+  ) {
+    super();
+  }
+}
+
+/** Create a grant error matcher that matches certain elements of the error response. */
+const grantErrorContaining = (code: string, description: string, statusCode = 400) =>
+  new GrantError(
+    statusCode,
+    expect.objectContaining({
+      code,
+      error_description: description,
+    })
+  );
+
+const accessDeniedError = grantErrorContaining(
+  'oidc.access_denied',
+  'user is not a member of the organization',
+  400
+);
+
+const issuer = defaultConfig.endpoint + '/oidc';
+
+class MockOrganizationClient extends MockClient {
+  /** Perform the organization token grant. It may be replaced once our SDK supports it. */
+  async fetchOrganizationToken(organizationId?: string) {
+    const refreshToken = await this.getRefreshToken();
+    try {
+      const json = await got
+        .post(`${this.config.endpoint}/oidc/token`, {
+          form: removeUndefinedKeys({
+            grant_type: GrantType.OrganizationToken,
+            client_id: this.config.appId,
+            refresh_token: refreshToken,
+            organization_id: organizationId,
+          }),
+        })
+        .json();
+      if (isKeyInObject(json, 'refresh_token')) {
+        await this.storage.setItem('refreshToken', String(json.refresh_token));
+      }
+      return json;
+    } catch (error) {
+      if (error instanceof HTTPError) {
+        throw new GrantError(error.response.statusCode, JSON.parse(String(error.response.body)));
+      }
+      throw error;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+/** An edited version that asserts the value is a record instead of an object */
+const isObject = (value: unknown): value is Record<string, unknown> =>
+  value !== null && typeof value === 'object';
+
+describe('OIDC organization token grant', () => {
+  const organizationApi = new OrganizationApiTest();
+  const userApi = new UserApiTest();
+  const username = generateUsername();
+  const password = generatePassword();
+  // eslint-disable-next-line @silverhand/fp/no-let
+  let userId = '';
+
+  const initClient = async (configOverrides?: Partial<LogtoConfig>) => {
+    const client = new MockOrganizationClient({
+      appId: demoAppApplicationId,
+      prompt: Prompt.Consent,
+      scopes: ['urn:logto:scope:organizations'],
+      resources: ['urn:logto:resource:organizations'],
+      ...configOverrides,
+    });
+    await client.initSession(demoAppRedirectUri);
+    await client.successSend(putInteraction, {
+      event: InteractionEvent.SignIn,
+      identifier: { username, password },
+    });
+    const { redirectTo } = await client.submitInteraction();
+    await processSession(client, redirectTo);
+    return client;
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * Expect the response of the organization token grant. It validates the response json
+   * and the access token payload. Note it does not validate the signature of the access token.
+   *
+   * @param response The response of the organization token grant (json object).
+   * @param expectation The expected values of the response and the access token payload.
+   */
+  const expectGrantResponse = (
+    response: unknown,
+    expectation: {
+      organizationId: string;
+      scopes: string[];
+    }
+  ) => {
+    const { scopes, organizationId } = expectation;
+
+    // Expect response
+    assert(isObject(response), new Error('response is not an object'));
+    expect(response).toMatchObject({
+      // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/no-unsafe-assignment
+      access_token: expect.any(String),
+      expires_in: 3600,
+      // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/no-unsafe-assignment
+      refresh_token: expect.any(String),
+      token_type: 'Bearer',
+    });
+    expect(response).not.toHaveProperty('id_token');
+    expect(String(response.scope).split(' ').filter(Boolean).slice().sort()).toStrictEqual(
+      scopes.slice().sort()
+    );
+
+    // Expect access token
+    const accessToken = decodeAccessToken(String(response.access_token));
+
+    expect(accessToken.jti).toEqual(expect.any(String));
+    expect(accessToken.aud).toBe(`urn:logto:organization:${organizationId}`);
+    expect(accessToken.sub).toBe(userId);
+    expect(accessToken.client_id).toBe(demoAppApplicationId);
+    expect(accessToken.iss).toBe(issuer);
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * Initialize the test environment with some pre-defined data. It covers almost all
+   * possible cases for a user. See the source code for details.
+   */
+  const initOrganizations = async () => {
+    const [org1, org2, org3, org4] = await Promise.all([
+      organizationApi.create({ name: 'org1' }),
+      organizationApi.create({ name: 'org2' }),
+      organizationApi.create({ name: 'org3' }),
+      organizationApi.create({ name: 'org4' }),
+    ]);
+    const { roleApi, scopeApi } = organizationApi;
+
+    await organizationApi.addUsers(org1.id, [userId]);
+    await organizationApi.addUsers(org2.id, [userId]);
+    await organizationApi.addUsers(org3.id, [userId]);
+
+    const [scope1, scope2, scope3] = await Promise.all([
+      scopeApi.create({ name: 'scope1' }),
+      scopeApi.create({ name: 'scope2' }),
+      scopeApi.create({ name: 'scope3' }),
+    ]);
+    const [role1, role2, role3, role4] = await Promise.all([
+      roleApi.create({ name: 'role1' }),
+      roleApi.create({ name: 'role2' }),
+      roleApi.create({ name: 'role3' }),
+      roleApi.create({ name: 'role4' }),
+    ]);
+    await Promise.all([
+      roleApi.addScopes(role1.id, [scope1.id, scope2.id]),
+      roleApi.addScopes(role2.id, [scope2.id, scope3.id]),
+      roleApi.addScopes(role3.id, [scope1.id, scope3.id]),
+    ]);
+
+    await Promise.all([
+      organizationApi.addUserRoles(org1.id, userId, [role1.id]),
+      organizationApi.addUserRoles(org2.id, userId, [role1.id, role2.id]),
+      organizationApi.addUserRoles(org3.id, userId, [role4.id]),
+    ]);
+
+    return Object.freeze({
+      orgs: [org1, org2, org3, org4],
+      roles: [role1, role2, role3, role4],
+    } as const);
+  };
+
+  beforeAll(async () => {
+    const { id } = await userApi.create({ username, password });
+    // eslint-disable-next-line @silverhand/fp/no-mutation
+    userId = id;
+    await enableAllPasswordSignInMethods();
+  });
+
+  afterAll(async () => {
+    await userApi.cleanUp();
+  });
+
+  describe('sanity checks', () => {
+    afterEach(async () => {
+      await Promise.all([
+        organizationApi.cleanUp(),
+        organizationApi.roleApi.cleanUp(),
+        organizationApi.scopeApi.cleanUp(),
+      ]);
+    });
+
+    it('should return error when organization id is not provided', async () => {
+      const client = await initClient();
+      await expect(client.fetchOrganizationToken()).rejects.toMatchError(
+        grantErrorContaining('oidc.invalid_request', "missing required parameter 'organization_id'")
+      );
+    });
+
+    it('should return error when organizations scope is not requested', async () => {
+      const client = await initClient({ scopes: [] });
+      await expect(client.fetchOrganizationToken('1')).rejects.toMatchError(
+        grantErrorContaining('oidc.insufficient_scope', 'refresh token missing required scope', 403)
+      );
+    });
+
+    it('should return access denied when organization id is invalid', async () => {
+      const client = await initClient();
+      await expect(client.fetchOrganizationToken('1')).rejects.toMatchError(accessDeniedError);
+    });
+
+    it('should return access denied when organization exists but user is not a member, then issue organization token after user is added to the organization', async () => {
+      const org = await organizationApi.create({ name: 'org' });
+      const client = await initClient();
+
+      // Not a member yet
+      await expect(client.fetchOrganizationToken(org.id)).rejects.toMatchError(accessDeniedError);
+
+      // Add user to the organization
+      await organizationApi.addUsers(org.id, [userId]);
+      expectGrantResponse(await client.fetchOrganizationToken(org.id), {
+        organizationId: org.id,
+        scopes: [],
+      });
+
+      // Remove user from the organization
+      await organizationApi.deleteUser(org.id, userId);
+      await expect(client.fetchOrganizationToken(org.id)).rejects.toMatchError(accessDeniedError);
+    });
+
+    it('should not issue organization scopes when organization resource is not requested', async () => {
+      const { orgs } = await initOrganizations();
+
+      const client = await initClient({
+        scopes: ['urn:logto:scope:organizations', 'scope1', 'scope2'],
+        resources: [],
+      });
+      expectGrantResponse(await client.fetchOrganizationToken(orgs[0].id), {
+        organizationId: orgs[0].id,
+        scopes: [],
+      });
+      expectGrantResponse(await client.fetchOrganizationToken(orgs[1].id), {
+        organizationId: orgs[1].id,
+        scopes: [],
+      });
+      expectGrantResponse(await client.fetchOrganizationToken(orgs[2].id), {
+        organizationId: orgs[2].id,
+        scopes: [],
+      });
+    });
+
+    it('should issue a signed JWT', async () => {
+      const org = await organizationApi.create({ name: 'org' });
+      const client = await initClient();
+
+      await organizationApi.addUsers(org.id, [userId]);
+
+      const response = await client.fetchOrganizationToken(org.id);
+      const rawToken = isObject(response) && String(response.access_token);
+
+      assert(typeof rawToken === 'string', new TypeError('access_token is not a string'));
+
+      await jwtVerify(
+        rawToken,
+        createRemoteJWKSet(new URL(defaultConfig.endpoint + '/oidc/jwks')),
+        { issuer }
+      );
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('permission checks', () => {
+    // eslint-disable-next-line @silverhand/fp/no-let
+    let context: Awaited<ReturnType<typeof initOrganizations>>;
+
+    beforeAll(async () => {
+      // eslint-disable-next-line @silverhand/fp/no-mutation
+      context = await initOrganizations();
+    });
+
+    afterAll(async () => {
+      await Promise.all([
+        organizationApi.cleanUp(),
+        organizationApi.roleApi.cleanUp(),
+        organizationApi.scopeApi.cleanUp(),
+      ]);
+    });
+
+    it("should issue organization token according to user's role in the organization", async () => {
+      const { orgs } = context;
+      const client = await initClient({
+        scopes: ['urn:logto:scope:organizations', 'scope1', 'scope2', 'scope3'],
+      });
+      expectGrantResponse(await client.fetchOrganizationToken(orgs[0].id), {
+        organizationId: orgs[0].id,
+        scopes: ['scope1', 'scope2'],
+      });
+      expectGrantResponse(await client.fetchOrganizationToken(orgs[1].id), {
+        organizationId: orgs[1].id,
+        scopes: ['scope1', 'scope2', 'scope3'],
+      });
+      expectGrantResponse(await client.fetchOrganizationToken(orgs[2].id), {
+        organizationId: orgs[2].id,
+        scopes: [],
+      });
+    });
+
+    it('should down-scope according to the refresh token', async () => {
+      const { orgs } = context;
+      const client = await initClient({
+        scopes: ['urn:logto:scope:organizations', 'scope1', 'scope2'],
+      });
+      expectGrantResponse(await client.fetchOrganizationToken(orgs[0].id), {
+        organizationId: orgs[0].id,
+        scopes: ['scope1', 'scope2'],
+      });
+      expectGrantResponse(await client.fetchOrganizationToken(orgs[1].id), {
+        organizationId: orgs[1].id,
+        scopes: ['scope1', 'scope2'],
+      });
+      expectGrantResponse(await client.fetchOrganizationToken(orgs[2].id), {
+        organizationId: orgs[2].id,
+        scopes: [],
+      });
+    });
+
+    it('should be able to dynamically update scopes', async () => {
+      const { orgs, roles } = context;
+      const client = await initClient({
+        scopes: ['urn:logto:scope:organizations', 'scope1', 'scope2', 'scope3'],
+      });
+
+      expectGrantResponse(await client.fetchOrganizationToken(orgs[0].id), {
+        organizationId: orgs[0].id,
+        scopes: ['scope1', 'scope2'],
+      });
+      expectGrantResponse(await client.fetchOrganizationToken(orgs[1].id), {
+        organizationId: orgs[1].id,
+        scopes: ['scope1', 'scope2', 'scope3'],
+      });
+
+      // Update scopes
+      await Promise.all([
+        organizationApi.addUserRoles(orgs[0].id, userId, [roles[2].id]),
+        organizationApi.deleteUserRole(orgs[1].id, userId, roles[0].id),
+        organizationApi.deleteUserRole(orgs[1].id, userId, roles[1].id),
+      ]);
+
+      expectGrantResponse(await client.fetchOrganizationToken(orgs[0].id), {
+        organizationId: orgs[0].id,
+        scopes: ['scope1', 'scope2', 'scope3'],
+      });
+      expectGrantResponse(await client.fetchOrganizationToken(orgs[1].id), {
+        organizationId: orgs[1].id,
+        scopes: [],
+      });
+    });
+  });
+});
diff --git a/packages/integration-tests/tsconfig.json b/packages/integration-tests/tsconfig.json
index b5a1d63d6..78adcad43 100644
--- a/packages/integration-tests/tsconfig.json
+++ b/packages/integration-tests/tsconfig.json
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
         "src/*"
       ]
     },
-    "types": ["jest", "jest-puppeteer", "expect-puppeteer"],
+    "types": ["jest", "jest-matcher-specific-error", "jest-puppeteer", "expect-puppeteer"],
   },
   "include": ["src"]
 }
diff --git a/pnpm-lock.yaml b/pnpm-lock.yaml
index 0376bf154..4f4fce8d3 100644
--- a/pnpm-lock.yaml
+++ b/pnpm-lock.yaml
@@ -3771,9 +3771,15 @@ importers:
       jest:
         specifier: ^29.5.0
         version: 29.5.0(@types/node@18.11.18)(ts-node@10.9.1)
+      jest-matcher-specific-error:
+        specifier: ^1.0.0
+        version: 1.0.0
       jest-puppeteer:
         specifier: ^9.0.0
         version: 9.0.0(puppeteer@21.0.0)
+      jose:
+        specifier: ^5.0.0
+        version: 5.0.1
       node-fetch:
         specifier: ^3.3.0
         version: 3.3.0
@@ -15147,7 +15153,6 @@ packages:
 
   /jose@5.0.1:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-gRVzy7s3RRdGbXmcTdlOswJOjhwPLx1ijIgAqLY6ktzFpOJxxYn4l0fC2vHaHHi4YBX/5FOL3aY+6W0cvQgpug==}
-    dev: false
 
   /js-base64@3.7.5:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-3MEt5DTINKqfScXKfJFrRbxkrnk2AxPWGBL/ycjz4dK8iqiSJ06UxD8jh8xuh6p10TX4t2+7FsBYVxxQbMg+qA==}