feat(core,phrases,schemas): implement bind mfa totp (#4551)

packages/core/package.json

@@ -69,6 +69,7 @@
     "lru-cache": "^10.0.0",
     "nanoid": "^4.0.0",
     "oidc-provider": "^8.2.2",
+    "otplib": "^12.0.1",
     "p-retry": "^6.0.0",
     "pg-protocol": "^1.6.0",
     "redis": "^4.6.5",

packages/core/src/__mocks__/mfa-verification.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+import { MfaFactor, type BindMfa } from '@logto/schemas';
+
+export const mockTotpBind: BindMfa = {
+  type: MfaFactor.TOTP,
+  secret: 'secret',
+};

packages/core/src/routes/interaction/actions/submit-interaction.test.ts

@@ -1,4 +1,9 @@
-import { InteractionEvent, adminConsoleApplicationId, adminTenantId } from '@logto/schemas';
+import {
+  InteractionEvent,
+  MfaFactor,
+  adminConsoleApplicationId,
+  adminTenantId,
+} from '@logto/schemas';
 import { createMockUtils, pickDefault } from '@logto/shared/esm';
 import type Provider from 'oidc-provider';
 
@@ -31,14 +36,19 @@ const { encryptUserPassword } = mockEsm('#src/libraries/user.js', () => ({
   }),
 }));
 
+mockEsm('@logto/shared', () => ({
+  generateStandardId: jest.fn().mockReturnValue('uid'),
+}));
+
 mockEsm('#src/utils/tenant.js', () => ({
   getTenantId: () => adminTenantId,
 }));
 
 const userQueries = {
-  findUserById: jest
-    .fn()
-    .mockResolvedValue({ identities: { google: { userId: 'googleId', details: {} } } }),
+  findUserById: jest.fn().mockResolvedValue({
+    identities: { google: { userId: 'googleId', details: {} } },
+    mfaVerifications: [],
+  }),
   updateUserById: jest.fn(),
   hasActiveUsers: jest.fn().mockResolvedValue(true),
 };
@@ -165,6 +175,35 @@ describe('submit action', () => {
     );
   });
 
+  it('register with bindMfa', async () => {
+    const interaction: VerifiedRegisterInteractionResult = {
+      event: InteractionEvent.Register,
+      profile,
+      identifiers,
+      bindMfa: { type: MfaFactor.TOTP, secret: 'secret' },
+    };
+
+    await submitInteraction(interaction, ctx, tenant);
+    expect(generateUserId).toBeCalled();
+    expect(hasActiveUsers).not.toBeCalled();
+
+    expect(insertUser).toBeCalledWith(
+      {
+        id: 'uid',
+        mfaVerifications: [
+          {
+            type: MfaFactor.TOTP,
+            key: 'secret',
+            id: 'uid',
+            createdAt: new Date(now).toISOString(),
+          },
+        ],
+        ...upsertProfile,
+      },
+      ['user']
+    );
+  });
+
   it('admin user register', async () => {
     hasActiveUsers.mockResolvedValueOnce(false);
     const adminConsoleCtx = {
@@ -234,6 +273,41 @@ describe('submit action', () => {
     });
   });
 
+  it('sign-in with bindMfa', async () => {
+    getLogtoConnectorById.mockResolvedValueOnce({
+      metadata: { target: 'logto' },
+      dbEntry: { syncProfile: false },
+    });
+    const interaction: VerifiedSignInInteractionResult = {
+      event: InteractionEvent.SignIn,
+      accountId: 'foo',
+      identifiers,
+      bindMfa: {
+        type: MfaFactor.TOTP,
+        secret: 'secret',
+      },
+    };
+
+    await submitInteraction(interaction, ctx, tenant);
+
+    expect(getLogtoConnectorById).toBeCalledWith('logto');
+
+    expect(updateUserById).toBeCalledWith('foo', {
+      mfaVerifications: [
+        {
+          type: MfaFactor.TOTP,
+          key: 'secret',
+          id: 'uid',
+          createdAt: new Date(now).toISOString(),
+        },
+      ],
+      lastSignInAt: now,
+    });
+    expect(assignInteractionResults).toBeCalledWith(ctx, tenant.provider, {
+      login: { accountId: 'foo' },
+    });
+  });
+
   it('sign-in and sync new Social', async () => {
     getLogtoConnectorById.mockResolvedValueOnce({
       metadata: { target: 'logto' },

packages/core/src/routes/interaction/actions/submit-interaction.ts

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ import {
   InteractionEvent,
   adminConsoleApplicationId,
 } from '@logto/schemas';
-import { type OmitAutoSetFields } from '@logto/shared';
+import { generateStandardId, type OmitAutoSetFields } from '@logto/shared';
 import { conditional, conditionalArray, trySafe } from '@silverhand/essentials';
 import { type IRouterContext } from 'koa-router';
 
@@ -168,6 +168,23 @@ const parseUserProfile = async (
   };
 };
 
+const parseBindMfa = ({
+  bindMfa,
+}: VerifiedSignInInteractionResult | VerifiedRegisterInteractionResult):
+  | User['mfaVerifications'][number]
+  | undefined => {
+  if (!bindMfa) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  return {
+    type: bindMfa.type,
+    key: bindMfa.secret,
+    id: generateStandardId(),
+    createdAt: new Date().toISOString(),
+  };
+};
+
 const getInitialUserRoles = (
   isInAdminTenant: boolean,
   isCreatingFirstAdminUser: boolean,
@@ -220,6 +237,7 @@ export default async function submitInteraction(
   if (event === InteractionEvent.Register) {
     const id = await generateUserId();
     const userProfile = await parseUserProfile(connectors, interaction);
+    const mfaVerification = parseBindMfa(interaction);
 
     const { client_id } = ctx.interactionDetails.params;
 
@@ -234,6 +252,7 @@ export default async function submitInteraction(
       {
         id,
         ...userProfile,
+        ...conditional(mfaVerification && { mfaVerifications: [mfaVerification] }),
       },
       getInitialUserRoles(isInAdminTenant, isCreatingFirstAdminUser, isCloud)
     );
@@ -265,8 +284,14 @@ export default async function submitInteraction(
   if (event === InteractionEvent.SignIn) {
     const user = await findUserById(accountId);
     const updateUserProfile = await parseUserProfile(connectors, interaction, user);
+    const mfaVerification = parseBindMfa(interaction);
 
-    await updateUserById(accountId, updateUserProfile);
+    await updateUserById(accountId, {
+      ...updateUserProfile,
+      ...conditional(
+        mfaVerification && { mfaVerifications: [...user.mfaVerifications, mfaVerification] }
+      ),
+    });
     await assignInteractionResults(ctx, provider, { login: { accountId } });
     ctx.assignInteractionHookResult({ userId: accountId });
 

packages/core/src/routes/interaction/additional.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,199 @@
+import { ConnectorType } from '@logto/connector-kit';
+import { demoAppApplicationId, InteractionEvent } from '@logto/schemas';
+import { createMockUtils } from '@logto/shared/esm';
+
+import { mockSignInExperience } from '#src/__mocks__/sign-in-experience.js';
+import RequestError from '#src/errors/RequestError/index.js';
+import type koaAuditLog from '#src/middleware/koa-audit-log.js';
+import { createMockLogContext } from '#src/test-utils/koa-audit-log.js';
+import { createMockProvider } from '#src/test-utils/oidc-provider.js';
+import { MockTenant } from '#src/test-utils/tenant.js';
+import type { LogtoConnector } from '#src/utils/connectors/types.js';
+import { createRequester } from '#src/utils/test-utils.js';
+
+import { verificationPath, interactionPrefix } from './const.js';
+
+const { jest } = import.meta;
+const { mockEsmWithActual } = createMockUtils(jest);
+
+// FIXME @Darcy: no more `enabled` for `connectors` table
+const getLogtoConnectorByIdHelper = jest.fn(async (connectorId: string) => {
+  const metadata = {
+    id:
+      connectorId === 'social_enabled'
+        ? 'social_enabled'
+        : connectorId === 'social_disabled'
+        ? 'social_disabled'
+        : 'others',
+  };
+
+  return {
+    dbEntry: {},
+    metadata,
+    type: connectorId.startsWith('social') ? ConnectorType.Social : ConnectorType.Sms,
+    getAuthorizationUri: jest.fn(async () => ''),
+  };
+});
+
+const { getInteractionStorage, storeInteractionResult } = await mockEsmWithActual(
+  './utils/interaction.js',
+  () => ({
+    getInteractionStorage: jest.fn().mockReturnValue({
+      event: InteractionEvent.SignIn,
+    }),
+    storeInteractionResult: jest.fn(),
+  })
+);
+
+const { sendVerificationCodeToIdentifier } = await mockEsmWithActual(
+  './utils/verification-code-validation.js',
+  () => ({
+    sendVerificationCodeToIdentifier: jest.fn(),
+  })
+);
+
+const { createLog, prependAllLogEntries } = createMockLogContext();
+
+await mockEsmWithActual(
+  '#src/middleware/koa-audit-log.js',
+  (): { default: typeof koaAuditLog } => ({
+    // eslint-disable-next-line unicorn/consistent-function-scoping
+    default: () => async (ctx, next) => {
+      ctx.createLog = createLog;
+      ctx.prependAllLogEntries = prependAllLogEntries;
+
+      return next();
+    },
+  })
+);
+
+const baseProviderMock = {
+  params: {},
+  jti: 'jti',
+  client_id: demoAppApplicationId,
+};
+
+const tenantContext = new MockTenant(
+  createMockProvider(jest.fn().mockResolvedValue(baseProviderMock)),
+  {
+    signInExperiences: {
+      findDefaultSignInExperience: jest.fn().mockResolvedValue(mockSignInExperience),
+    },
+  },
+  {
+    getLogtoConnectorById: async (connectorId: string) => {
+      const connector = await getLogtoConnectorByIdHelper(connectorId);
+
+      if (connector.type !== ConnectorType.Social) {
+        throw new RequestError({
+          code: 'entity.not_found',
+          status: 404,
+        });
+      }
+
+      // @ts-expect-error
+      return connector as LogtoConnector;
+    },
+  }
+);
+
+const { default: interactionRoutes } = await import('./index.js');
+
+describe('interaction routes', () => {
+  const sessionRequest = createRequester({
+    anonymousRoutes: interactionRoutes,
+    tenantContext,
+  });
+
+  afterEach(() => {
+    jest.clearAllMocks();
+
+    getInteractionStorage.mockReturnValue({
+      event: InteractionEvent.SignIn,
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('POST /interaction/verification/verification-code', () => {
+    const path = `${interactionPrefix}/${verificationPath}/verification-code`;
+
+    it('should call send verificationCode properly', async () => {
+      const body = {
+        email: 'email@logto.io',
+      };
+
+      const response = await sessionRequest.post(path).send(body);
+      expect(getInteractionStorage).toBeCalled();
+      expect(sendVerificationCodeToIdentifier).toBeCalledWith(
+        {
+          event: InteractionEvent.SignIn,
+          ...body,
+        },
+        'jti',
+        createLog,
+        tenantContext.libraries.passcodes
+      );
+      expect(response.status).toEqual(204);
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('POST /verification/social/authorization-uri', () => {
+    const path = `${interactionPrefix}/${verificationPath}/social-authorization-uri`;
+
+    it('should throw when redirectURI is invalid', async () => {
+      const response = await sessionRequest.post(path).send({
+        connectorId: 'social_enabled',
+        state: 'state',
+        redirectUri: 'logto.dev',
+      });
+      expect(response.statusCode).toEqual(400);
+    });
+
+    it('should return the authorization-uri properly', async () => {
+      const response = await sessionRequest.post(path).send({
+        connectorId: 'social_enabled',
+        state: 'state',
+        redirectUri: 'https://logto.dev',
+      });
+
+      expect(response.statusCode).toEqual(200);
+      expect(response.body).toHaveProperty('redirectTo', '');
+    });
+
+    it('throw error when sign-in with social but miss state', async () => {
+      const response = await sessionRequest.post(path).send({
+        connectorId: 'social_enabled',
+        redirectUri: 'https://logto.dev',
+      });
+      expect(response.statusCode).toEqual(400);
+    });
+
+    it('throw error when sign-in with social but miss redirectUri', async () => {
+      const response = await sessionRequest.post(path).send({
+        connectorId: 'social_enabled',
+        state: 'state',
+      });
+      expect(response.statusCode).toEqual(400);
+    });
+
+    it('throw error when no social connector is found', async () => {
+      const response = await sessionRequest.post(path).send({
+        connectorId: 'others',
+        state: 'state',
+        redirectUri: 'https://logto.dev',
+      });
+      expect(response.statusCode).toEqual(404);
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('POST /verification/totp', () => {
+    const path = `${interactionPrefix}/${verificationPath}/totp`;
+
+    it('should return the generated secret', async () => {
+      const response = await sessionRequest.post(path).send();
+      expect(getInteractionStorage).toBeCalled();
+      expect(storeInteractionResult).toBeCalled();
+      expect(response.statusCode).toEqual(200);
+      expect(response.body).toHaveProperty('secret');
+    });
+  });
+});

packages/core/src/routes/interaction/additional.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,102 @@
+import { MfaFactor, requestVerificationCodePayloadGuard } from '@logto/schemas';
+import type Router from 'koa-router';
+import { type IRouterParamContext } from 'koa-router';
+import { z } from 'zod';
+
+import { type WithLogContext } from '#src/middleware/koa-audit-log.js';
+import koaGuard from '#src/middleware/koa-guard.js';
+import type TenantContext from '#src/tenants/TenantContext.js';
+
+import { interactionPrefix, verificationPath } from './const.js';
+import type { WithInteractionDetailsContext } from './middleware/koa-interaction-details.js';
+import { socialAuthorizationUrlPayloadGuard } from './types/guard.js';
+import { getInteractionStorage, storeInteractionResult } from './utils/interaction.js';
+import { createSocialAuthorizationUrl } from './utils/social-verification.js';
+import { generateTotpSecret } from './utils/totp-validation.js';
+import { sendVerificationCodeToIdentifier } from './utils/verification-code-validation.js';
+
+export default function additionalRoutes<T extends IRouterParamContext>(
+  router: Router<unknown, WithInteractionDetailsContext<WithLogContext<T>>>,
+  tenant: TenantContext
+) {
+  // Create social authorization url interaction verification
+  router.post(
+    `${interactionPrefix}/${verificationPath}/social-authorization-uri`,
+    koaGuard({
+      body: socialAuthorizationUrlPayloadGuard,
+      status: [200, 400, 404],
+      response: z.object({
+        redirectTo: z.string(),
+      }),
+    }),
+    async (ctx, next) => {
+      // Check interaction exists
+      const { event } = getInteractionStorage(ctx.interactionDetails.result);
+      const log = ctx.createLog(`Interaction.${event}.Identifier.Social.Create`);
+
+      const { body: payload } = ctx.guard;
+
+      log.append(payload);
+
+      const redirectTo = await createSocialAuthorizationUrl(ctx, tenant, payload);
+
+      ctx.body = { redirectTo };
+
+      return next();
+    }
+  );
+
+  // Create passwordless interaction verification-code
+  router.post(
+    `${interactionPrefix}/${verificationPath}/verification-code`,
+    koaGuard({
+      body: requestVerificationCodePayloadGuard,
+      status: [204, 400, 404],
+    }),
+    async (ctx, next) => {
+      const { interactionDetails, guard, createLog } = ctx;
+      // Check interaction exists
+      const { event } = getInteractionStorage(interactionDetails.result);
+
+      await sendVerificationCodeToIdentifier(
+        { event, ...guard.body },
+        interactionDetails.jti,
+        createLog,
+        tenant.libraries.passcodes
+      );
+
+      ctx.status = 204;
+
+      return next();
+    }
+  );
+
+  // Prepare new totp secret
+  router.post(
+    `${interactionPrefix}/${verificationPath}/totp`,
+    koaGuard({
+      status: [200],
+      response: z.object({
+        secret: z.string(),
+      }),
+    }),
+    async (ctx, next) => {
+      const { interactionDetails, createLog } = ctx;
+      // Check interaction exists
+      const { event } = getInteractionStorage(interactionDetails.result);
+      createLog(`Interaction.${event}.BindMfa.Totp.Create`);
+
+      const secret = generateTotpSecret();
+      await storeInteractionResult(
+        { pendingMfa: { type: MfaFactor.TOTP, secret } },
+        ctx,
+        tenant.provider,
+        true
+      );
+
+      ctx.body = { secret };
+
+      return next();
+    }
+  );
+}

packages/core/src/routes/interaction/index.test.ts

@@ -11,10 +11,10 @@ import { MockTenant } from '#src/test-utils/tenant.js';
 import type { LogtoConnector } from '#src/utils/connectors/types.js';
 import { createRequester } from '#src/utils/test-utils.js';
 
-import { verificationPath, interactionPrefix } from './const.js';
+import { interactionPrefix } from './const.js';
 
 const { jest } = import.meta;
-const { mockEsm, mockEsmDefault, mockEsmWithActual } = createMockUtils(jest);
+const { mockEsmDefault, mockEsmWithActual } = createMockUtils(jest);
 
 // FIXME @Darcy: no more `enabled` for `connectors` table
 const getLogtoConnectorByIdHelper = jest.fn(async (connectorId: string) => {
@@ -39,24 +39,30 @@ const { assignInteractionResults } = await mockEsmWithActual('#src/libraries/ses
   assignInteractionResults: jest.fn(),
 }));
 
-const { verifySignInModeSettings, verifyIdentifierSettings, verifyProfileSettings } = mockEsm(
-  './utils/sign-in-experience-validation.js',
-  () => ({
+const { verifySignInModeSettings, verifyIdentifierSettings, verifyProfileSettings } =
+  await mockEsmWithActual('./utils/sign-in-experience-validation.js', () => ({
     verifySignInModeSettings: jest.fn(),
     verifyIdentifierSettings: jest.fn(),
     verifyProfileSettings: jest.fn(),
-  })
-);
+  }));
 
 const submitInteraction = mockEsmDefault('./actions/submit-interaction.js', () => jest.fn());
 
-const { verifyIdentifierPayload, verifyIdentifier, verifyProfile, validateMandatoryUserProfile } =
-  await mockEsmWithActual('./verifications/index.js', () => ({
-    verifyIdentifierPayload: jest.fn(),
-    verifyIdentifier: jest.fn().mockResolvedValue({}),
-    verifyProfile: jest.fn(),
-    validateMandatoryUserProfile: jest.fn(),
-  }));
+const {
+  verifyIdentifierPayload,
+  verifyIdentifier,
+  verifyProfile,
+  validateMandatoryUserProfile,
+  validateMandatoryBindMfa,
+  verifyBindMfa,
+} = await mockEsmWithActual('./verifications/index.js', () => ({
+  verifyIdentifierPayload: jest.fn(),
+  verifyIdentifier: jest.fn().mockResolvedValue({}),
+  verifyProfile: jest.fn(),
+  validateMandatoryUserProfile: jest.fn(),
+  validateMandatoryBindMfa: jest.fn(),
+  verifyBindMfa: jest.fn(),
+}));
 
 const { storeInteractionResult, mergeIdentifiers, getInteractionStorage } = await mockEsmWithActual(
   './utils/interaction.js',
@@ -69,13 +75,6 @@ const { storeInteractionResult, mergeIdentifiers, getInteractionStorage } = awai
   })
 );
 
-const { sendVerificationCodeToIdentifier } = await mockEsmWithActual(
-  './utils/verification-code-validation.js',
-  () => ({
-    sendVerificationCodeToIdentifier: jest.fn(),
-  })
-);
-
 const { validatePassword } = await mockEsmWithActual('./utils/validate-password.js', () => ({
   validatePassword: jest.fn(),
 }));
@@ -175,20 +174,28 @@ describe('interaction routes', () => {
       jest.clearAllMocks();
     });
 
-    it('should call identifier and profile verification properly', async () => {
+    it('should call identifier, profile and bindMfa verification properly', async () => {
       verifyProfile.mockReturnValueOnce({
         event: InteractionEvent.SignIn,
       });
+      validateMandatoryUserProfile.mockReturnValueOnce({
+        event: InteractionEvent.SignIn,
+      });
+      verifyBindMfa.mockReturnValueOnce({
+        event: InteractionEvent.SignIn,
+      });
 
       await sessionRequest.post(path).send();
       expect(getInteractionStorage).toBeCalled();
       expect(verifyIdentifier).toBeCalled();
       expect(verifyProfile).toBeCalled();
       expect(validateMandatoryUserProfile).toBeCalled();
+      expect(verifyBindMfa).toBeCalled();
+      expect(validateMandatoryBindMfa).toBeCalled();
       expect(submitInteraction).toBeCalled();
     });
 
-    it('should not call validateMandatoryUserProfile for forgot password request', async () => {
+    it('should not call validateMandatoryUserProfile and validateMandatoryBindMfa for forgot password request', async () => {
       getInteractionStorage.mockReturnValue({
         event: InteractionEvent.ForgotPassword,
       });
@@ -196,12 +203,19 @@ describe('interaction routes', () => {
       verifyProfile.mockReturnValueOnce({
         event: InteractionEvent.ForgotPassword,
       });
+      validateMandatoryUserProfile.mockReturnValueOnce({
+        event: InteractionEvent.ForgotPassword,
+      });
+      verifyBindMfa.mockReturnValueOnce({
+        event: InteractionEvent.ForgotPassword,
+      });
 
       await sessionRequest.post(path).send();
       expect(getInteractionStorage).toBeCalled();
       expect(verifyIdentifier).toBeCalled();
       expect(verifyProfile).toBeCalled();
       expect(validateMandatoryUserProfile).not.toBeCalled();
+      expect(validateMandatoryBindMfa).not.toBeCalled();
       expect(submitInteraction).toBeCalled();
     });
   });
@@ -309,76 +323,4 @@ describe('interaction routes', () => {
       expect(response.status).toEqual(204);
     });
   });
-
-  describe('POST /interaction/verification/verification-code', () => {
-    const path = `${interactionPrefix}/${verificationPath}/verification-code`;
-
-    it('should call send verificationCode properly', async () => {
-      const body = {
-        email: 'email@logto.io',
-      };
-
-      const response = await sessionRequest.post(path).send(body);
-      expect(getInteractionStorage).toBeCalled();
-      expect(sendVerificationCodeToIdentifier).toBeCalledWith(
-        {
-          event: InteractionEvent.SignIn,
-          ...body,
-        },
-        'jti',
-        createLog,
-        tenantContext.libraries.passcodes
-      );
-      expect(response.status).toEqual(204);
-    });
-  });
-
-  describe('POST /verification/social/authorization-uri', () => {
-    const path = `${interactionPrefix}/${verificationPath}/social-authorization-uri`;
-
-    it('should throw when redirectURI is invalid', async () => {
-      const response = await sessionRequest.post(path).send({
-        connectorId: 'social_enabled',
-        state: 'state',
-        redirectUri: 'logto.dev',
-      });
-      expect(response.statusCode).toEqual(400);
-    });
-
-    it('should return the authorization-uri properly', async () => {
-      const response = await sessionRequest.post(path).send({
-        connectorId: 'social_enabled',
-        state: 'state',
-        redirectUri: 'https://logto.dev',
-      });
-
-      expect(response.statusCode).toEqual(200);
-      expect(response.body).toHaveProperty('redirectTo', '');
-    });
-
-    it('throw error when sign-in with social but miss state', async () => {
-      const response = await sessionRequest.post(path).send({
-        connectorId: 'social_enabled',
-        redirectUri: 'https://logto.dev',
-      });
-      expect(response.statusCode).toEqual(400);
-    });
-
-    it('throw error when sign-in with social but miss redirectUri', async () => {
-      const response = await sessionRequest.post(path).send({
-        connectorId: 'social_enabled',
-        state: 'state',
-      });
-      expect(response.statusCode).toEqual(400);
-    });
-
-    it('throw error when no social connector is found', async () => {
-      const response = await sessionRequest.post(path).send({
-        connectorId: 'others',
-        state: 'state',
-        redirectUri: 'https://logto.dev',
-      });
-      expect(response.statusCode).toEqual(404);
-    });
-  });
 });

packages/core/src/routes/interaction/index.ts

@@ -1,11 +1,5 @@
 import type { LogtoErrorCode } from '@logto/phrases';
-import {
-  InteractionEvent,
-  eventGuard,
-  identifierPayloadGuard,
-  profileGuard,
-  requestVerificationCodePayloadGuard,
-} from '@logto/schemas';
+import { InteractionEvent, eventGuard, identifierPayloadGuard, profileGuard } from '@logto/schemas';
 import type Router from 'koa-router';
 import { z } from 'zod';
 
@@ -18,13 +12,14 @@ import assertThat from '#src/utils/assert-that.js';
 import type { AnonymousRouter, RouterInitArgs } from '../types.js';
 
 import submitInteraction from './actions/submit-interaction.js';
+import additionalRoutes from './additional.js';
 import consentRoutes from './consent.js';
-import { interactionPrefix, verificationPath } from './const.js';
+import { interactionPrefix } from './const.js';
+import mfaRoutes from './mfa.js';
 import koaInteractionDetails from './middleware/koa-interaction-details.js';
 import type { WithInteractionDetailsContext } from './middleware/koa-interaction-details.js';
 import koaInteractionHooks from './middleware/koa-interaction-hooks.js';
 import koaInteractionSie from './middleware/koa-interaction-sie.js';
-import { socialAuthorizationUrlPayloadGuard } from './types/guard.js';
 import {
   getInteractionStorage,
   storeInteractionResult,
@@ -36,14 +31,14 @@ import {
   verifyIdentifierSettings,
   verifyProfileSettings,
 } from './utils/sign-in-experience-validation.js';
-import { createSocialAuthorizationUrl } from './utils/social-verification.js';
 import { validatePassword } from './utils/validate-password.js';
-import { sendVerificationCodeToIdentifier } from './utils/verification-code-validation.js';
 import {
   verifyIdentifierPayload,
   verifyIdentifier,
   verifyProfile,
   validateMandatoryUserProfile,
+  validateMandatoryBindMfa,
+  verifyBindMfa,
 } from './verifications/index.js';
 
 export type RouterContext<T> = T extends Router<unknown, infer Context> ? Context : never;
@@ -340,68 +335,30 @@ export default function interactionRoutes<T extends AnonymousRouter>(
 
       const profileVerifiedInteraction = await verifyProfile(tenant, accountVerifiedInteraction);
 
-      const interaction = isForgotPasswordInteractionResult(profileVerifiedInteraction)
+      // TODO @simeng-li: make all these verification steps in a middleware.
+      const mandatoryProfileVerifiedInteraction = isForgotPasswordInteractionResult(
+        profileVerifiedInteraction
+      )
         ? profileVerifiedInteraction
         : await validateMandatoryUserProfile(queries.users, ctx, profileVerifiedInteraction);
 
+      const bindMfaVerifiedInteraction = isForgotPasswordInteractionResult(
+        mandatoryProfileVerifiedInteraction
+      )
+        ? mandatoryProfileVerifiedInteraction
+        : await verifyBindMfa(tenant, mandatoryProfileVerifiedInteraction);
+
+      const interaction = isForgotPasswordInteractionResult(bindMfaVerifiedInteraction)
+        ? bindMfaVerifiedInteraction
+        : await validateMandatoryBindMfa(tenant, ctx, bindMfaVerifiedInteraction);
+
       await submitInteraction(interaction, ctx, tenant, log);
 
       return next();
     }
   );
 
-  // Create social authorization url interaction verification
-  router.post(
-    `${interactionPrefix}/${verificationPath}/social-authorization-uri`,
-    koaGuard({
-      body: socialAuthorizationUrlPayloadGuard,
-      status: [200, 400, 404],
-      response: z.object({
-        redirectTo: z.string(),
-      }),
-    }),
-    async (ctx, next) => {
-      // Check interaction exists
-      const { event } = getInteractionStorage(ctx.interactionDetails.result);
-      const log = ctx.createLog(`Interaction.${event}.Identifier.Social.Create`);
-
-      const { body: payload } = ctx.guard;
-
-      log.append(payload);
-
-      const redirectTo = await createSocialAuthorizationUrl(ctx, tenant, payload);
-
-      ctx.body = { redirectTo };
-
-      return next();
-    }
-  );
-
-  // Create passwordless interaction verification-code
-  router.post(
-    `${interactionPrefix}/${verificationPath}/verification-code`,
-    koaGuard({
-      body: requestVerificationCodePayloadGuard,
-      status: [204, 400, 404],
-    }),
-    async (ctx, next) => {
-      const { interactionDetails, guard, createLog } = ctx;
-      // Check interaction exists
-      const { event } = getInteractionStorage(interactionDetails.result);
-
-      await sendVerificationCodeToIdentifier(
-        // eslint-disable-next-line max-lines -- TODO: refactor @simeng
-        { event, ...guard.body },
-        interactionDetails.jti,
-        createLog,
-        libraries.passcodes
-      );
-
-      ctx.status = 204;
-
-      return next();
-    }
-  );
-
   consentRoutes(router, tenant);
+  additionalRoutes(router, tenant);
+  mfaRoutes(router, tenant);
 }

packages/core/src/routes/interaction/mfa.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,111 @@
+import { demoAppApplicationId, InteractionEvent, MfaFactor } from '@logto/schemas';
+import { createMockUtils } from '@logto/shared/esm';
+
+import { mockTotpBind } from '#src/__mocks__/mfa-verification.js';
+import { mockSignInExperience } from '#src/__mocks__/sign-in-experience.js';
+import type koaAuditLog from '#src/middleware/koa-audit-log.js';
+import { createMockLogContext } from '#src/test-utils/koa-audit-log.js';
+import { createMockProvider } from '#src/test-utils/oidc-provider.js';
+import { MockTenant } from '#src/test-utils/tenant.js';
+import { createRequester } from '#src/utils/test-utils.js';
+
+import { interactionPrefix } from './const.js';
+
+const { jest } = import.meta;
+const { mockEsmWithActual } = createMockUtils(jest);
+
+const { getInteractionStorage, storeInteractionResult } = await mockEsmWithActual(
+  './utils/interaction.js',
+  () => ({
+    getInteractionStorage: jest.fn().mockReturnValue({
+      event: InteractionEvent.SignIn,
+    }),
+    storeInteractionResult: jest.fn(),
+  })
+);
+
+const { createLog, prependAllLogEntries } = createMockLogContext();
+
+await mockEsmWithActual(
+  '#src/middleware/koa-audit-log.js',
+  (): { default: typeof koaAuditLog } => ({
+    // eslint-disable-next-line unicorn/consistent-function-scoping
+    default: () => async (ctx, next) => {
+      ctx.createLog = createLog;
+      ctx.prependAllLogEntries = prependAllLogEntries;
+
+      return next();
+    },
+  })
+);
+
+const { verifyMfaSettings } = await mockEsmWithActual(
+  './utils/sign-in-experience-validation.js',
+  () => ({
+    verifyMfaSettings: jest.fn(),
+  })
+);
+
+const { bindMfaPayloadVerification } = await mockEsmWithActual(
+  './verifications/mfa-payload-verification.js',
+  () => ({
+    bindMfaPayloadVerification: jest.fn(),
+  })
+);
+
+const baseProviderMock = {
+  params: {},
+  jti: 'jti',
+  client_id: demoAppApplicationId,
+};
+
+const tenantContext = new MockTenant(
+  createMockProvider(jest.fn().mockResolvedValue(baseProviderMock)),
+  {
+    signInExperiences: {
+      findDefaultSignInExperience: jest.fn().mockResolvedValue(mockSignInExperience),
+    },
+  }
+);
+
+const { default: interactionRoutes } = await import('./index.js');
+
+describe('interaction routes (MFA verification)', () => {
+  const sessionRequest = createRequester({
+    anonymousRoutes: interactionRoutes,
+    tenantContext,
+  });
+
+  afterEach(() => {
+    jest.clearAllMocks();
+
+    getInteractionStorage.mockReturnValue({
+      event: InteractionEvent.SignIn,
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('PUT /interaction/bind-mfa', () => {
+    const path = `${interactionPrefix}/bind-mfa`;
+
+    it('should return 204 and store results in session', async () => {
+      bindMfaPayloadVerification.mockResolvedValue(mockTotpBind);
+
+      const body = {
+        type: MfaFactor.TOTP,
+        code: '123456',
+      };
+
+      const response = await sessionRequest.put(path).send(body);
+      expect(response.status).toEqual(204);
+      expect(getInteractionStorage).toBeCalled();
+      expect(verifyMfaSettings).toBeCalled();
+      expect(bindMfaPayloadVerification).toBeCalled();
+      expect(storeInteractionResult).toBeCalledWith(
+        { bindMfa: mockTotpBind },
+        expect.anything(),
+        expect.anything(),
+        expect.anything()
+      );
+    });
+  });
+});

packages/core/src/routes/interaction/mfa.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+import { InteractionEvent, bindMfaPayloadGuard } from '@logto/schemas';
+import type Router from 'koa-router';
+import { type IRouterParamContext } from 'koa-router';
+
+import { type WithLogContext } from '#src/middleware/koa-audit-log.js';
+import koaGuard from '#src/middleware/koa-guard.js';
+import type TenantContext from '#src/tenants/TenantContext.js';
+
+import { interactionPrefix } from './const.js';
+import type { WithInteractionDetailsContext } from './middleware/koa-interaction-details.js';
+import koaInteractionSie from './middleware/koa-interaction-sie.js';
+import { getInteractionStorage, storeInteractionResult } from './utils/interaction.js';
+import { verifyMfaSettings } from './utils/sign-in-experience-validation.js';
+import { bindMfaPayloadVerification } from './verifications/mfa-payload-verification.js';
+
+export default function mfaRoutes<T extends IRouterParamContext>(
+  router: Router<unknown, WithInteractionDetailsContext<WithLogContext<T>>>,
+  { provider, queries }: TenantContext
+) {
+  // Update New MFA
+  router.put(
+    `${interactionPrefix}/bind-mfa`,
+    koaGuard({
+      body: bindMfaPayloadGuard,
+      status: [204, 400, 401, 404, 422],
+    }),
+    koaInteractionSie(queries),
+    async (ctx, next) => {
+      const bindMfaPayload = ctx.guard.body;
+      const { signInExperience, interactionDetails, createLog } = ctx;
+      const interactionStorage = getInteractionStorage(interactionDetails.result);
+
+      const log = createLog(`Interaction.${interactionStorage.event}.BindMfa.Totp.Submit`);
+
+      if (interactionStorage.event !== InteractionEvent.ForgotPassword) {
+        verifyMfaSettings(bindMfaPayload.type, signInExperience);
+      }
+
+      const bindMfa = await bindMfaPayloadVerification(ctx, bindMfaPayload, interactionStorage);
+
+      log.append({ bindMfa, interactionStorage });
+
+      await storeInteractionResult({ bindMfa }, ctx, provider, true);
+
+      ctx.status = 204;
+
+      return next();
+    }
+  );
+}

packages/core/src/routes/interaction/types/guard.ts

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import { socialUserInfoGuard } from '@logto/connector-kit';
 import { validateRedirectUrl } from '@logto/core-kit';
-import { eventGuard, profileGuard } from '@logto/schemas';
+import { bindMfaGuard, eventGuard, pendingMfaGuard, profileGuard } from '@logto/schemas';
 import { z } from 'zod';
 
 // Social Authorization Uri Route Payload Guard
@@ -44,6 +44,10 @@ export const anonymousInteractionResultGuard = z.object({
   profile: profileGuard.optional(),
   accountId: z.string().optional(),
   identifiers: z.array(identifierGuard).optional(),
+  // The new mfa to be bound to the account
+  bindMfa: bindMfaGuard.optional(),
+  // The pending mfa info, such as secret of TOTP
+  pendingMfa: pendingMfaGuard.optional(),
 });
 
 export const forgotPasswordProfileGuard = z.object({

packages/core/src/routes/interaction/types/index.ts

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ import type {
   SocialEmailPayload,
   SocialPhonePayload,
   Profile,
+  BindMfa,
 } from '@logto/schemas';
 import type { z } from 'zod';
 
@@ -76,6 +77,7 @@ export type VerifiedRegisterInteractionResult = {
   event: InteractionEvent.Register;
   profile?: Profile;
   identifiers?: Identifier[];
+  bindMfa?: BindMfa;
 };
 
 export type VerifiedSignInInteractionResult = {
@@ -83,6 +85,7 @@ export type VerifiedSignInInteractionResult = {
   accountId: string;
   identifiers: Identifier[];
   profile?: Profile;
+  bindMfa?: BindMfa;
 };
 
 export type VerifiedForgotPasswordInteractionResult = {

packages/core/src/routes/interaction/utils/index.ts

@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
-import type {
-  SocialConnectorPayload,
-  User,
-  IdentifierPayload,
-  VerifyVerificationCodePayload,
+import {
+  type SocialConnectorPayload,
+  type User,
+  type IdentifierPayload,
+  type VerifyVerificationCodePayload,
 } from '@logto/schemas';
 
 import type { PasswordIdentifierPayload } from '../types/index.js';

packages/core/src/routes/interaction/utils/sign-in-experience-valiation.test.ts

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import type { SignInExperience } from '@logto/schemas';
-import { SignInIdentifier, SignInMode, InteractionEvent } from '@logto/schemas';
+import { SignInIdentifier, SignInMode, InteractionEvent, MfaFactor } from '@logto/schemas';
 
 import { mockSignInExperience } from '#src/__mocks__/sign-in-experience.js';
 
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ import {
   verifySignInModeSettings,
   verifyIdentifierSettings,
   verifyProfileSettings,
+  verifyMfaSettings,
 } from './sign-in-experience-validation.js';
 
 describe('verifySignInModeSettings', () => {
@@ -375,3 +376,27 @@ describe('profile validation', () => {
     }).toThrow();
   });
 });
+
+describe('MFA', () => {
+  it('MFA sign-in-experience settings verification', () => {
+    expect(() => {
+      verifyMfaSettings(MfaFactor.TOTP, {
+        ...mockSignInExperience,
+        mfa: {
+          ...mockSignInExperience.mfa,
+          factors: [MfaFactor.TOTP],
+        },
+      });
+    }).not.toThrow();
+
+    expect(() => {
+      verifyMfaSettings(MfaFactor.TOTP, {
+        ...mockSignInExperience,
+        mfa: {
+          ...mockSignInExperience.mfa,
+          factors: [MfaFactor.WebAuthn],
+        },
+      });
+    }).toThrow();
+  });
+});

packages/core/src/routes/interaction/utils/sign-in-experience-validation.ts

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import type { SignInExperience, Profile, IdentifierPayload } from '@logto/schemas';
+import type { SignInExperience, Profile, IdentifierPayload, MfaFactor } from '@logto/schemas';
 import { SignInMode, SignInIdentifier, InteractionEvent } from '@logto/schemas';
 
 import RequestError from '#src/errors/RequestError/index.js';
@@ -127,3 +127,11 @@ export const verifyProfileSettings = (profile: Profile, { signUp }: SignInExperi
     assertThat(signUp.password, forbiddenIdentifierError());
   }
 };
+
+export const verifyMfaSettings = (type: MfaFactor, signInExperience: SignInExperience) => {
+  const {
+    mfa: { factors },
+  } = signInExperience;
+
+  assertThat(factors.includes(type), forbiddenIdentifierError());
+};

packages/core/src/routes/interaction/utils/totp-validation.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+const { jest } = import.meta;
+
+const { generateTotpSecret, validateTotpToken } = await import('./totp-validation.js');
+
+describe('generateTotpSecret', () => {
+  it('should generate a secret', () => {
+    expect(typeof generateTotpSecret()).toBe('string');
+  });
+});
+
+describe('validateTotpToken', () => {
+  beforeAll(() => {
+    jest.useFakeTimers();
+    jest.setSystemTime(new Date(1_695_010_563_617));
+  });
+
+  afterAll(() => {
+    jest.useRealTimers();
+  });
+
+  it('should return true on valid token', () => {
+    const secret = 'JBSWY3DPEHPK3PXP';
+    const token = '971144';
+
+    expect(validateTotpToken(secret, token)).toBe(true);
+  });
+
+  it('should return false on invalid token', () => {
+    const secret = 'JBSWY3DPEHPK3PXP';
+    const token = '123456';
+
+    expect(validateTotpToken(secret, token)).toBe(false);
+  });
+});

packages/core/src/routes/interaction/utils/totp-validation.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+import { authenticator } from 'otplib';
+
+export const generateTotpSecret = () => authenticator.generateSecret();
+
+export const validateTotpToken = (secret: string, token: string) =>
+  authenticator.check(token, secret);

packages/core/src/routes/interaction/verifications/index.ts

@@ -2,3 +2,4 @@ export { default as verifyProfile } from './profile-verification.js';
 export { default as validateMandatoryUserProfile } from './mandatory-user-profile-validation.js';
 export { default as verifyIdentifierPayload } from './identifier-payload-verification.js';
 export { default as verifyIdentifier } from './identifier-verification.js';
+export * from './mfa-verification.js';

packages/core/src/routes/interaction/verifications/mfa-payload-verification.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+import { InteractionEvent, MfaFactor } from '@logto/schemas';
+import { createMockUtils } from '@logto/shared/esm';
+import type Provider from 'oidc-provider';
+
+import RequestError from '#src/errors/RequestError/index.js';
+import { createMockLogContext } from '#src/test-utils/koa-audit-log.js';
+import { createContextWithRouteParameters } from '#src/utils/test-utils.js';
+
+import type { IdentifierVerifiedInteractionResult } from '../types/index.js';
+
+const { jest } = import.meta;
+const { mockEsm } = createMockUtils(jest);
+
+const { validateTotpToken } = mockEsm('../utils/totp-validation.js', () => ({
+  validateTotpToken: jest.fn().mockReturnValue(true),
+}));
+
+const { bindMfaPayloadVerification } = await import('./mfa-payload-verification.js');
+
+describe('bindMfaPayloadVerification', () => {
+  const baseCtx = {
+    ...createContextWithRouteParameters(),
+    ...createMockLogContext(),
+    // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/consistent-type-assertions
+    interactionDetails: {} as Awaited<ReturnType<Provider['interactionDetails']>>,
+  };
+
+  const interaction: IdentifierVerifiedInteractionResult = {
+    event: InteractionEvent.SignIn,
+    identifiers: [{ key: 'accountId', value: 'foo' }],
+    accountId: 'foo',
+  };
+
+  describe('totp', () => {
+    it('should return result of BindMfa', async () => {
+      await expect(
+        bindMfaPayloadVerification(
+          baseCtx,
+          { type: MfaFactor.TOTP, code: '123456' },
+          {
+            ...interaction,
+            pendingMfa: {
+              type: MfaFactor.TOTP,
+              secret: 'secret',
+            },
+          }
+        )
+      ).resolves.toMatchObject({
+        type: MfaFactor.TOTP,
+        secret: 'secret',
+      });
+
+      expect(validateTotpToken).toHaveBeenCalled();
+    });
+
+    it('should reject when pendingMfa is missing', async () => {
+      await expect(
+        bindMfaPayloadVerification(baseCtx, { type: MfaFactor.TOTP, code: '123456' }, interaction)
+      ).rejects.toEqual(new RequestError('session.mfa.pending_info_not_found'));
+    });
+
+    it('should reject when code is invalid', async () => {
+      validateTotpToken.mockReturnValueOnce(false);
+
+      await expect(
+        bindMfaPayloadVerification(
+          baseCtx,
+          { type: MfaFactor.TOTP, code: '123456' },
+          {
+            ...interaction,
+            pendingMfa: {
+              type: MfaFactor.TOTP,
+              secret: 'secret',
+            },
+          }
+        )
+      ).rejects.toEqual(new RequestError('session.mfa.invalid_totp_code'));
+    });
+  });
+});

packages/core/src/routes/interaction/verifications/mfa-payload-verification.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+import {
+  MfaFactor,
+  type BindTotp,
+  type BindTotpPayload,
+  type BindMfaPayload,
+  type BindMfa,
+} from '@logto/schemas';
+
+import type { WithLogContext } from '#src/middleware/koa-audit-log.js';
+import assertThat from '#src/utils/assert-that.js';
+
+import type { AnonymousInteractionResult } from '../types/index.js';
+import { validateTotpToken } from '../utils/totp-validation.js';
+
+const verifyBindTotp = async (
+  interactionStorage: AnonymousInteractionResult,
+  payload: BindTotpPayload,
+  ctx: WithLogContext
+): Promise<BindTotp> => {
+  const { event, pendingMfa } = interactionStorage;
+  ctx.createLog(`Interaction.${event}.BindMfa.Totp.Submit`);
+
+  assertThat(pendingMfa, 'session.mfa.pending_info_not_found');
+  // Will add more type, disable the rule for now, this can be a reminder when adding new type
+  // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/no-unnecessary-condition
+  assertThat(pendingMfa.type === MfaFactor.TOTP, 'session.mfa.pending_info_not_found');
+
+  const { code, type } = payload;
+  const { secret } = pendingMfa;
+
+  assertThat(validateTotpToken(secret, code), 'session.mfa.invalid_totp_code');
+
+  return { type, secret };
+};
+
+export async function bindMfaPayloadVerification(
+  ctx: WithLogContext,
+  bindMfaPayload: BindMfaPayload,
+  interactionStorage: AnonymousInteractionResult
+): Promise<BindMfa> {
+  return verifyBindTotp(interactionStorage, bindMfaPayload, ctx);
+}

packages/core/src/routes/interaction/verifications/mfa-verification.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,190 @@
+import crypto from 'node:crypto';
+
+import { PasswordPolicyChecker } from '@logto/core-kit';
+import { InteractionEvent, MfaFactor, MfaPolicy } from '@logto/schemas';
+import type Provider from 'oidc-provider';
+
+import { mockSignInExperience } from '#src/__mocks__/sign-in-experience.js';
+import { mockUser } from '#src/__mocks__/user.js';
+import RequestError from '#src/errors/RequestError/index.js';
+import { MockTenant } from '#src/test-utils/tenant.js';
+import { createContextWithRouteParameters } from '#src/utils/test-utils.js';
+
+import type { IdentifierVerifiedInteractionResult } from '../types/index.js';
+
+import { verifyBindMfa } from './mfa-verification.js';
+
+const { jest } = import.meta;
+
+const findUserById = jest.fn();
+
+const tenantContext = new MockTenant(undefined, {
+  users: {
+    findUserById,
+  },
+});
+
+const { validateMandatoryBindMfa } = await import('./mfa-verification.js');
+
+const baseCtx = {
+  ...createContextWithRouteParameters(),
+  // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/consistent-type-assertions
+  interactionDetails: {} as Awaited<ReturnType<Provider['interactionDetails']>>,
+  signInExperience: {
+    ...mockSignInExperience,
+    mfa: {
+      factors: [],
+      policy: MfaPolicy.UserControlled,
+    },
+  },
+  passwordPolicyChecker: new PasswordPolicyChecker(
+    mockSignInExperience.passwordPolicy,
+    crypto.subtle
+  ),
+};
+
+const mfaRequiredCtx = {
+  ...baseCtx,
+  signInExperience: {
+    ...mockSignInExperience,
+    mfa: {
+      factors: [MfaFactor.TOTP],
+      policy: MfaPolicy.Mandatory,
+    },
+  },
+};
+
+const interaction: IdentifierVerifiedInteractionResult = {
+  event: InteractionEvent.Register,
+  identifiers: [{ key: 'accountId', value: 'foo' }],
+};
+
+const signInInteraction: IdentifierVerifiedInteractionResult = {
+  event: InteractionEvent.SignIn,
+  identifiers: [{ key: 'accountId', value: 'foo' }],
+  accountId: 'foo',
+};
+
+describe('validateMandatoryBindMfa', () => {
+  describe('register', () => {
+    it('bindMfa missing but required should throw', async () => {
+      await expect(
+        validateMandatoryBindMfa(tenantContext, mfaRequiredCtx, interaction)
+      ).rejects.toMatchError(new RequestError({ code: 'user.missing_mfa', status: 422 }));
+    });
+
+    it('bindMfa exists should pass', async () => {
+      await expect(
+        validateMandatoryBindMfa(tenantContext, mfaRequiredCtx, {
+          ...interaction,
+          bindMfa: {
+            type: MfaFactor.TOTP,
+            secret: 'foo',
+          },
+        })
+      ).resolves.not.toThrow();
+    });
+
+    it('bindMfa missing and not required should pass', async () => {
+      await expect(
+        validateMandatoryBindMfa(tenantContext, baseCtx, interaction)
+      ).resolves.not.toThrow();
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('signIn', () => {
+    it('user mfaVerifications and bindMfa missing but required should throw', async () => {
+      findUserById.mockResolvedValueOnce(mockUser);
+      await expect(
+        validateMandatoryBindMfa(tenantContext, mfaRequiredCtx, signInInteraction)
+      ).rejects.toMatchError(new RequestError({ code: 'user.missing_mfa', status: 422 }));
+    });
+
+    it('user mfaVerifications and bindMfa missing and not required should pass', async () => {
+      findUserById.mockResolvedValueOnce(mockUser);
+      await expect(
+        validateMandatoryBindMfa(tenantContext, baseCtx, signInInteraction)
+      ).resolves.not.toThrow();
+    });
+
+    it('user mfaVerifications missing, bindMfa existing and required should pass', async () => {
+      findUserById.mockResolvedValueOnce(mockUser);
+      await expect(
+        validateMandatoryBindMfa(tenantContext, mfaRequiredCtx, {
+          ...signInInteraction,
+          bindMfa: {
+            type: MfaFactor.TOTP,
+            secret: 'foo',
+          },
+        })
+      ).resolves.not.toThrow();
+    });
+
+    it('user mfaVerifications existing, bindMfa missing and required should pass', async () => {
+      findUserById.mockResolvedValueOnce({
+        ...mockUser,
+        mfaVerifications: [
+          {
+            type: MfaFactor.TOTP,
+            secret: 'secret',
+          },
+        ],
+      });
+      await expect(
+        validateMandatoryBindMfa(tenantContext, baseCtx, signInInteraction)
+      ).resolves.not.toThrow();
+    });
+  });
+});
+
+describe('verifyBindMfa', () => {
+  it('should pass if bindMfa is missing', async () => {
+    await expect(verifyBindMfa(tenantContext, signInInteraction)).resolves.not.toThrow();
+  });
+
+  it('should pass if event is not sign in', async () => {
+    await expect(
+      verifyBindMfa(tenantContext, {
+        ...interaction,
+        bindMfa: {
+          type: MfaFactor.TOTP,
+          secret: 'foo',
+        },
+      })
+    ).resolves.not.toThrow();
+  });
+
+  it('pass if the user has no TOTP factor', async () => {
+    findUserById.mockResolvedValueOnce(mockUser);
+    await expect(
+      verifyBindMfa(tenantContext, {
+        ...signInInteraction,
+        bindMfa: {
+          type: MfaFactor.TOTP,
+          secret: 'foo',
+        },
+      })
+    ).resolves.not.toThrow();
+  });
+
+  it('should reject if the user already has a TOTP factor', async () => {
+    findUserById.mockResolvedValueOnce({
+      ...mockUser,
+      mfaVerifications: [
+        {
+          type: MfaFactor.TOTP,
+          secret: 'secret',
+        },
+      ],
+    });
+    await expect(
+      verifyBindMfa(tenantContext, {
+        ...signInInteraction,
+        bindMfa: {
+          type: MfaFactor.TOTP,
+          secret: 'foo',
+        },
+      })
+    ).rejects.toMatchError(new RequestError({ code: 'user.totp_already_in_use', status: 422 }));
+  });
+});

packages/core/src/routes/interaction/verifications/mfa-verification.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+import { InteractionEvent, MfaFactor, MfaPolicy } from '@logto/schemas';
+
+import RequestError from '#src/errors/RequestError/index.js';
+import type TenantContext from '#src/tenants/TenantContext.js';
+import assertThat from '#src/utils/assert-that.js';
+
+import { type WithInteractionDetailsContext } from '../middleware/koa-interaction-details.js';
+import { type WithInteractionSieContext } from '../middleware/koa-interaction-sie.js';
+import {
+  type VerifiedSignInInteractionResult,
+  type VerifiedInteractionResult,
+  type VerifiedRegisterInteractionResult,
+} from '../types/index.js';
+
+export const verifyBindMfa = async (
+  tenant: TenantContext,
+  interaction: VerifiedSignInInteractionResult | VerifiedRegisterInteractionResult
+): Promise<VerifiedInteractionResult> => {
+  const { bindMfa, event } = interaction;
+
+  if (!bindMfa || event !== InteractionEvent.SignIn) {
+    return interaction;
+  }
+
+  const { type } = bindMfa;
+
+  // There will be more types later
+  // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/no-unnecessary-condition
+  if (type === MfaFactor.TOTP) {
+    const { accountId } = interaction;
+    const { mfaVerifications } = await tenant.queries.users.findUserById(accountId);
+
+    // A user can only bind one TOTP factor
+    assertThat(
+      mfaVerifications.every(({ type }) => type !== MfaFactor.TOTP),
+      new RequestError({
+        code: 'user.totp_already_in_use',
+        status: 422,
+      })
+    );
+  }
+
+  return interaction;
+};
+
+export const validateMandatoryBindMfa = async (
+  tenant: TenantContext,
+  ctx: WithInteractionSieContext & WithInteractionDetailsContext,
+  interaction: VerifiedSignInInteractionResult | VerifiedRegisterInteractionResult
+): Promise<VerifiedInteractionResult> => {
+  const {
+    mfa: { policy, factors },
+  } = ctx.signInExperience;
+  const { event, bindMfa } = interaction;
+
+  if (policy !== MfaPolicy.Mandatory) {
+    return interaction;
+  }
+
+  const hasEnoughBindFactor = Boolean(bindMfa && factors.includes(bindMfa.type));
+
+  if (event === InteractionEvent.Register) {
+    assertThat(
+      hasEnoughBindFactor,
+      new RequestError({
+        code: 'user.missing_mfa',
+        status: 422,
+      })
+    );
+  }
+
+  if (event === InteractionEvent.SignIn) {
+    const { accountId } = interaction;
+    const { mfaVerifications } = await tenant.queries.users.findUserById(accountId);
+    assertThat(
+      hasEnoughBindFactor ||
+        factors.some((factor) => mfaVerifications.some(({ type }) => type === factor)),
+      new RequestError({
+        code: 'user.missing_mfa',
+        status: 422,
+      })
+    );
+  }
+
+  return interaction;
+};

packages/schemas/src/types/interactions.ts

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import { emailRegEx, phoneRegEx, usernameRegEx } from '@logto/core-kit';
 import { z } from 'zod';
 
-import { jsonObjectGuard } from '../foundations/index.js';
+import { MfaFactor, jsonObjectGuard } from '../foundations/index.js';
 
 import type {
   EmailVerificationCodePayload,
@@ -100,3 +100,38 @@ export enum MissingProfile {
   password = 'password',
   emailOrPhone = 'emailOrPhone',
 }
+
+export const bindTotpPayloadGuard = z.object({
+  // Unlike identifier payload which has indicator like "email",
+  // mfa payload must have an additional type field to indicate type
+  type: z.literal(MfaFactor.TOTP),
+  code: z.string(),
+});
+
+export type BindTotpPayload = z.infer<typeof bindTotpPayloadGuard>;
+
+export const bindMfaPayloadGuard = bindTotpPayloadGuard;
+
+export type BindMfaPayload = z.infer<typeof bindMfaPayloadGuard>;
+
+export const pendingTotpGuard = z.object({
+  type: z.literal(MfaFactor.TOTP),
+  secret: z.string(),
+});
+
+export type PendingTotp = z.infer<typeof pendingTotpGuard>;
+
+// Some information like TOTP secret should be generated in the backend
+// and stored in the interaction temporarily.
+export const pendingMfaGuard = pendingTotpGuard;
+
+export type PendingMfa = z.infer<typeof pendingMfaGuard>;
+
+export const bindTotpGuard = pendingTotpGuard;
+
+export type BindTotp = z.infer<typeof bindTotpGuard>;
+
+// The type for binding new mfa verification to a user, not always equals to the pending type.
+export const bindMfaGuard = bindTotpGuard;
+
+export type BindMfa = z.infer<typeof bindMfaGuard>;

pnpm-lock.yaml

@@ -3247,6 +3247,9 @@ importers:
       oidc-provider:
         specifier: ^8.2.2
         version: 8.2.2
+      otplib:
+        specifier: ^12.0.1
+        version: 12.0.1
       p-retry:
         specifier: ^6.0.0
         version: 6.0.0
@@ -7756,6 +7759,39 @@ packages:
       tslib: 2.5.0
     dev: false
 
+  /@otplib/core@12.0.1:
+    resolution: {integrity: sha512-4sGntwbA/AC+SbPhbsziRiD+jNDdIzsZ3JUyfZwjtKyc/wufl1pnSIaG4Uqx8ymPagujub0o92kgBnB89cuAMA==}
+    dev: false
+
+  /@otplib/plugin-crypto@12.0.1:
+    resolution: {integrity: sha512-qPuhN3QrT7ZZLcLCyKOSNhuijUi9G5guMRVrxq63r9YNOxxQjPm59gVxLM+7xGnHnM6cimY57tuKsjK7y9LM1g==}
+    dependencies:
+      '@otplib/core': 12.0.1
+    dev: false
+
+  /@otplib/plugin-thirty-two@12.0.1:
+    resolution: {integrity: sha512-MtT+uqRso909UkbrrYpJ6XFjj9D+x2Py7KjTO9JDPhL0bJUYVu5kFP4TFZW4NFAywrAtFRxOVY261u0qwb93gA==}
+    dependencies:
+      '@otplib/core': 12.0.1
+      thirty-two: 1.0.2
+    dev: false
+
+  /@otplib/preset-default@12.0.1:
+    resolution: {integrity: sha512-xf1v9oOJRyXfluBhMdpOkr+bsE+Irt+0D5uHtvg6x1eosfmHCsCC6ej/m7FXiWqdo0+ZUI6xSKDhJwc8yfiOPQ==}
+    dependencies:
+      '@otplib/core': 12.0.1
+      '@otplib/plugin-crypto': 12.0.1
+      '@otplib/plugin-thirty-two': 12.0.1
+    dev: false
+
+  /@otplib/preset-v11@12.0.1:
+    resolution: {integrity: sha512-9hSetMI7ECqbFiKICrNa4w70deTUfArtwXykPUvSHWOdzOlfa9ajglu7mNCntlvxycTiOAXkQGwjQCzzDEMRMg==}
+    dependencies:
+      '@otplib/core': 12.0.1
+      '@otplib/plugin-crypto': 12.0.1
+      '@otplib/plugin-thirty-two': 12.0.1
+    dev: false
+
   /@parcel/bundler-default@2.9.3(@parcel/core@2.9.3):
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-JjJK8dq39/UO/MWI/4SCbB1t/qgpQRFnFDetAAAezQ8oN++b24u1fkMDa/xqQGjbuPmGeTds5zxGgYs7id7PYg==}
     engines: {node: '>= 12.0.0', parcel: ^2.9.3}
@@ -16637,6 +16673,14 @@ packages:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-D2FR03Vir7FIu45XBY20mTb+/ZSWB00sjU9jdQXt83gDrI4Ztz5Fs7/yy74g2N5SVQY4xY1qDr4rNddwYRVX0g==}
     engines: {node: '>=0.10.0'}
 
+  /otplib@12.0.1:
+    resolution: {integrity: sha512-xDGvUOQjop7RDgxTQ+o4pOol0/3xSZzawTiPKRrHnQWAy0WjhNs/5HdIDJCrqC4MBynmjXgULc6YfioaxZeFgg==}
+    dependencies:
+      '@otplib/core': 12.0.1
+      '@otplib/preset-default': 12.0.1
+      '@otplib/preset-v11': 12.0.1
+    dev: false
+
   /outdent@0.5.0:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-/jHxFIzoMXdqPzTaCpFzAAWhpkSjZPF4Vsn6jAfNpmbH/ymsmd7Qc6VE9BGn0L6YMj6uwpQLxCECpus4ukKS9Q==}
     dev: true
@@ -19655,6 +19699,11 @@ packages:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-N+8UisAXDGk8PFXP4HAzVR9nbfmVJ3zYLAWiTIoqC5v5isinhr+r5uaO8+7r3BMfuNIufIsA7RdpVgacC2cSpw==}
     dev: true
 
+  /thirty-two@1.0.2:
+    resolution: {integrity: sha512-OEI0IWCe+Dw46019YLl6V10Us5bi574EvlJEOcAkB29IzQ/mYD1A6RyNHLjZPiHCmuodxvgF6U+vZO1L15lxVA==}
+    engines: {node: '>=0.2.6'}
+    dev: false
+
   /through2@2.0.5:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-/mrRod8xqpA+IHSLyGCQ2s8SPHiCDEeQJSep1jqLYeEUClOFG2Qsh+4FU6G9VeqpZnGW/Su8LQGc4YKni5rYSQ==}
     dependencies: