diff --git a/config/config.go b/config/config.go
index d413bde7..b47acf8e 100644
--- a/config/config.go
+++ b/config/config.go
@@ -66,9 +66,15 @@ func Load(filename string, input io.Reader) (Group, error) {
 					// server config and the dispenser containing only
 					// this directive's tokens.
 					controller := &setup.Controller{
-						Config:             &config,
-						Dispenser:          parse.NewDispenserTokens(filename, tokens),
-						OncePerServerBlock: func(f func()) { onces[dir.name].Do(f) },
+						Config:    &config,
+						Dispenser: parse.NewDispenserTokens(filename, tokens),
+						OncePerServerBlock: func(f func() error) error {
+							var err error
+							onces[dir.name].Do(func() {
+								err = f()
+							})
+							return err
+						},
 					}
 
 					midware, err := dir.setup(controller)
diff --git a/config/setup/controller.go b/config/setup/controller.go
index 3b78dbcd..d0b0ee89 100644
--- a/config/setup/controller.go
+++ b/config/setup/controller.go
@@ -19,8 +19,11 @@ type Controller struct {
 
 	// OncePerServerBlock is a function that executes f
 	// exactly once per server block, no matter how many
-	// hosts are associated with it.
-	OncePerServerBlock func(f func())
+	// hosts are associated with it. If it is the first
+	// time, the function f is executed immediately
+	// (not deferred) and may return an error which is
+	// returned by OncePerServerBlock.
+	OncePerServerBlock func(f func() error) error
 }
 
 // NewTestController creates a new *Controller for
diff --git a/config/setup/startupshutdown.go b/config/setup/startupshutdown.go
index ddcd1e64..e4d87305 100644
--- a/config/setup/startupshutdown.go
+++ b/config/setup/startupshutdown.go
@@ -55,9 +55,8 @@ func registerCallback(c *Controller, list *[]func() error) error {
 		funcs = append(funcs, fn)
 	}
 
-	c.OncePerServerBlock(func() {
+	return c.OncePerServerBlock(func() error {
 		*list = append(*list, funcs...)
+		return nil
 	})
-
-	return nil
 }